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Let N Be a Fixed Positive Integer. Define a Relation R on Z as Follows: (A, B) ∈ R ⇔ a − B is Divisible by N. Show that R is an Equivalence Relation on Z.

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Question

Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R on Z as follows:
(a, b) ∈ R ⇔ a − b is divisible by n.
Show that R is an equivalence relation on Z.

Sum
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Solution

We observe the following properties of R. Then,
Reflexivity :

Let  ∈ N

Here,

− 0 × n

⇒ aa is divisible by n

⇒ (a, a∈ R

⇒ (a, a∈ R for all ∈ Z

So, R is reflexive on Z.

Symmetry :

Let (a, b∈ R

Here,

ab is divisible by n

⇒ anp for some ∈ Z

⇒ bn (p)

⇒ ba is divisible by n                     ∈ Z⇒ − ∈ Z]

⇒ (b, a∈ R 

So, R is symmetric on Z.

Transitivity :

Let (a, b) and (b, c∈ R

Here, ab is divisible by n and bc is divisible by n.

⇒ abnp for some ∈ Z

and bnq for some ∈ Z

abbnnq

⇒ an (p+q)

⇒ (a, c)∈ R for all a, ∈ Z

So, R is transitive on Z.

Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.

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Chapter 1: Relations - Exercise 1.2 [Page 26]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 1 Relations
Exercise 1.2 | Q 4 | Page 26

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