Question

If a constant potential difference is applied across a bulb, the current slightly decreases as time passes and then becomes constant. Explain.

Answer 1

As a constant potential difference is applied across a bulb, due to Joule's heating effect, the temperature of the bulb increases. As the temperature of the bulb filament increases, its resistance also increases, as resistance R is the function of temperature T. It is given by R = R₀(1+αT). With an increase in the value of resistance, the value of current decreases as \[i = \frac{V}{R}.\] Now, the heat generated by the resistance is constantly radiated to the surroundings. Thus, the value of its temperature is maintained and hence its resistance. As a result, current through the bulb filament becomes constant.