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If A = [(3,1),(-1,2)] show that A2 – 5A + 7I = O. Hence, find A–1. - Mathematics

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Question

If A = `[(3,1),(-1,2)]` show that A2 – 5A + 7I = 0. Hence, find A–1.

Sum
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Solution

A = `[(3,1),(-1,2)]`

L.H.S. = A2 – 5A + 7I

= `[(3,1),(-1,2)] [(3,1),(-1,2)] - 5 [(3,1),(-1,2)] + 7 [(1,0),(0,1)]`

= `[(9 - 1,3 + 2),(-3 -2,-1 + 4)] - [(15,5),(-5,10)] + [(7,0),(0,7)]`

= `[(8 - 15 + 7,5 -5+0),(-5 +5+0,3 -10+7)]`

= `[(0,0),(0,0)]`

= 0

Hence proved.

Now multiplying by A−1 both sides, we get

(A−1A)A − 5AA−1 + 7IA−1 = 0

⇒ IA − 5I + 7A−1 = 0

⇒ A − 5I + 7A−1 = 0

⇒ 7A−1 = 5I − AI

7A−1 = `5[(1,0),(0,1)] - [(3,1),(-1,2)]`

7A−1 = `[(5,0),(0,5)] - [(3,1),(-1,2)]`

7A−1 = `[(2,-1),(1,3)]`

A−1 = `1/7 [(2,-1),(1,3)]`

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Chapter 4: Determinants - Exercise 4.5 [Page 132]

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NCERT Mathematics Part 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 4 Determinants
Exercise 4.5 | Q 13 | Page 132

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