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Question
Given below is an experimental demonstration.
(i) Which phenomenon has been demonstrated in the given figure?
(ii) What is the solute and what is solvent in the above experiment?
(iii) Define the phenomenon in Q. (i) above.
(iv) Give one example from your daily life experiences based on this principle.
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Solution
(i) Diffusion.
(ii) KMnO4 crystals represent the solute and water is solvent.
(iii) The movement of the molecules of a substance from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration until a state of equilibrium is achieved in both the regions.
(iv) If a bottle of scent or spirit is opened in one comer of a closed room, its smell can be felt in every part of the room.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of a part of the cross section of the root in the root hair zone. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow
(i) Name the parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 4.
(ii) Which is the process that enables the passage of water from the soil into the root hair?
(iii) Name the pressure that is responsible for the movement of water in the direction indicated by the arrows. Define it.
(iv) Due to an excess of this pressure sometimes drops of water are found along the leaf margins of some plants especially in the early mornings. What is the phenomenon called?
(v) Draw a well labelled diagram of the root hair cell as it would appear if an excess of fertiliser is added to the soil close to it.
Three plants (a), (b) and (c) were placed in beakers containing coloured water. The water in each beaker was covered with a layer of oil. The leaves were removed from plant (b), while plant (c) was exposed to strong light.
(i) In which plant, (a), (b) or (c) would the water move up the fastest?
(ii) In which plant (a), (b) or (c), would the water move up slowly?
(iii) Why was the water covered with a layer of oil?
(iv) What is being investigated by this experiment?
Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give explanation in support of your answer.
Dry seeds when submerged in water swell up due to endosmosis.
Root hairs become flaccid, when fertilizers are added to the moist soil around it. Explain.
Name the following:
The kind of cells that constitute the cortex of a root.
Give Technical Term for the following.
The tissue responsible for the ascent of sap in plants.
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Diffusion | (a) The exit or flow of water from the cell to the outer environment. |
| (ii) Xylem | (b) The shrinkage of protoplasm when the cell is kept in a hypertonic solution. |
| (iii) Root pressure | (c) The tissue through which water and mineral salts move upward in a plant. |
| (iv) Isotonic solution | (d) Two solutions which have equal osmotic pressure. |
| (v) Exosmosis | (e) The process by which the molecules of perfume spread in the room when the bottle is open. |
| (vi) Osmosis | (f) The process by which roots absorb water from the soil. |
| (vii) Plasmolysis | (g) The pressure by which water rises up to some feet in a lofty tree. |
| (viii) Hypotonic solution | (h) The concentration of the solution when lower than that of the cell sap. |
Describe structure of root hair.
