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Question
Explain cationic complexes and anionic complexes of co-ordination compounds.
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Solution
1. Cationic complexes: A complex in which the complex ion carries a net positive charge is called a cationic complex.
Example: [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 are cationic complexes. This can be seen from the following reactions:
\[\ce{[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 <=> [Co(NH3)6]^{3+} + 3Cl-}\]
\[\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 <=> [Fe(H2O)6]^{3+} + 3Cl-}\]
\[\ce{[Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 <=> [Ni(NH3)6]^{2+} + 2Cl-}\]
2. Anionic complexes: The complexes in which the complex ion carries a net negative charge are called anionic complexes.
Example: K4[Fe(CN)6], K[Ag(CN)2], K2[HgI4] are anionic complex ions as indicated in the following reactions:
\[\ce{K4[Fe(CN)6] <=> 4K+ + [Fe(CN)6]^{4-}}\]
\[\ce{K[Ag(CN)2] <=> K+ + [Ag(CN)2]^{1-}}\]
\[\ce{K2[HgI4] <=> 2K+ + [HgI4]^{2-}}\]
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