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Evaluate the Following: ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ X 1 1 1 X 1 1 1 X ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

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Question

Evaluate the following:

\[\begin{vmatrix}x & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & x & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & x\end{vmatrix}\]

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Solution

Let

\[∆ = \begin{vmatrix}x & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & x & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & x\end{vmatrix}\]

\[∆ = \begin{vmatrix}x & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & x & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & x\end{vmatrix}\]

\[ = \begin{vmatrix}x - 1 & 1 - x & 0 \\ 1 & x & 1 \\ 0 & 1 - x & x - 1\end{vmatrix} \left[\text{ Applying }R_1 \to R_1 - R_2\text{ and }R_3 \to R_3 - R_2 \right]\]

\[ = \left( x - 1 \right)^2 \begin{vmatrix}1 & - 1 & 0 \\ 1 & x & 1 \\ 0 & - 1 & 1\end{vmatrix}\]

\[ = \left( x - 1 \right)^2 \begin{vmatrix}1 & - 1 & 0 \\ 1 & x + 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{vmatrix} \left[\text{ Applying }C_2 \to C_2 + C_3 \right]\]

\[ = \left( x - 1 \right)^2 (x + 1 + 1) \left[\text{ Expanding along last row }\right]\]

\[ = \left( x - 1 \right)^2 (x + 2)\]

\[ \therefore ∆ = \left( x - 1 \right)^2 (x + 2)\]

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Chapter 5: Determinants - Exercise 6.2 [Page 58]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 5 Determinants
Exercise 6.2 | Q 7 | Page 58
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