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प्रश्न
On the basis of Lanthanoid contraction, explain the following:
Nature of bonding in \[\ce{La2O3}\] and \[\ce{Lu2O3}\] .
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उत्तर
As per fajan’s rule, smaller the size of ion, greater is its tendency to make covalent bonds as the positively charged cation strongly attract the negatively charged electron cloud.
On moving from \[\ce{La}\] to \[\ce{Lu}\] in the lanthanoid series, the atomic size decreases so the covalent character increases. Hence, \[\ce{La2O3}\] is ionic and \[\ce{Lu2O3}\] is covalent.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Define lanthanoid contraction.
Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to atomic and ionic sizes.
The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the Lanthanoids. Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements.
Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit +4 oxidation state and those which exhibit +2 oxidation state. Try to correlate this type of behavior with the electronic configurations of these elements.
Write the different oxidation states of iron
Explain, why lanthanum (Z = 57) forms La3+ ion, while cerium (Z = 58) forms Ce4+ ion?
What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction?
Account for the following:
Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.
What is lanthanoid contraction?
Although +3 oxidation states is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids but cerium shows +4 oxidation state also. Why?
Match the statements given in Column I with the oxidation states given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | |
| (i) | Oxidation state of Mn in MnO2 is | (a) + 2 |
| (ii) | Most stable oxidation state of Mn is | (b) + 3 |
| (iii) | Most stable oxidation state of | (c) + 4 |
| Mn in oxides is | (d) + 5 | |
| (iv) | Characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids is | (e) + 7 |
Match the property given in Column I with the element given in Column II.
| Column I (Property) | Column II (Element) | |
| (i) | Lanthanoid which shows +4 oxidation state |
(a) Pm |
| (ii) | Lanthanoid which can show +2 oxidation state |
(b) Ce |
| (iii) | Radioactive lanthanoid | (c) Lu |
| (iv) | Lanthanoid which has 4f7 electronic configuration in +3 oxidation state |
(d) Eu |
| (v) | Lanthanoid which has 4f14 electronic configuration in +3 oxidation state |
(e) Gd |
| (f) Dy |
On the basis of Lanthanoid contraction, explain the following:
Trends in acidic character of lanthanoid oxides.
Which of the following pairs has the same ionic size?
In lanthanoid the last electron enters (n - 2)f subshell where n is equal to ______.
Write any two consequences of Lanthanoid Contraction.
Cerium (Z = S8) is an important member of lanthanoids. Which of the following statements about cerium is incorrect?
State a reason for the following:
La(OH)3 is more basic than Lu(OH)3.
Assertion: There is a continuous increase in size among Lanthanoids with an increase in atomic number.
Reason: Lanthanoids do not show Lanthanoid contraction.
Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals. Mention its uses.
