Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Explain the phenomenon of osmosis.
Advertisements
उत्तर
- The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
- When a solution and pure solvent or two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane, the solvent molecules pass through the membrane. However, the rate of passage of solvent molecules into the solution or from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution is found to be greater than the rate in the reverse direction. This is favourable since the vapour pressure of the solvent is greater than that of the solution.
- As a result of osmosis, the amount of liquid on the pure solvent side or more dilute solution side decreases. Consequently, the amount of liquid on the other side increases. This results in a decrease of the concentration of the solution.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Which of the following is not a colligative property?
What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.
At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.52 bars at the same temperature, what would be its concentration?
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 liter of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
Define osmotic pressure.
Which of the following 0.1 M aqueous solutions will exert the highest osmotic pressure?
Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol−1).
Define the following term:
isotonic solution
Choose the most correct option.
A living cell contains a solution which is isotonic with 0.3 M sugar solution. What osmotic pressure develops when the cell is placed in 0.1 M KCl solution at body temperature?
Choose the most correct option.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 310 K. An aqueous solution of glucose isotonic with blood has the percentage (by volume)________.
Answer the following in one or two sentences.
A solution concentration is expressed in molarity and not in molality while considering osmotic pressure. Why?
Answer the following.
What are isotonic and hypertonic solutions?
Answer the following.
A solvent and its solution containing a nonvolatile solute are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Does the flow of solvent occur in both directions? Comment giving a reason.
Answer the following.
The osmotic pressure of CaCl2 and urea solutions of the same concentration at the same temperature are respectively 0.605 atm and 0.245 atm, calculate van’t Hoff factor for CaCl2.
Answer the following.
Explain reverse osmosis.
An aqueous solution of a certain organic compound has a density of 1.063 g mL-1 , osmotic pressure of 12.16 atm at 25 °C and a freezing point of 1.03 °C. What is the molar mass of the compound?
What are hypertonic solutions?
Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.
Define Osmosis.
Which of the following is a colligative property?
Two solutions have different osmotic pressures. The solution of higher osmotic pressure is called ____________.
At constant temperature the osmotic pressure of a solution is ____________.
The average osmotic pressure of human blood is 7.8 bar at 37°C. What is the concentration of an aqueous NaCl solution that could be used in the blood stream?
Osmotic pressure of a solution is 0.0821 atm at a temperature of 300 K. The concentration in moles/litre will be:
A solution containing 10 g per dm3 of urea (molar mass 60 g mol−1) is isotonic with 5% solution of non-volatile solute, MB of solute is:
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic pressure of 16.4 atoms is: (R = 0.082 L atom K−1 mol−1)
Isotonic solutions must have the same:
(i) solute
(ii) density
(iii) elevation in boiling point
(iv) depression in freezing point
Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Saturated solution | (a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution. |
| (ii) Binary solution | (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another. |
| (iii) Isotonic solution | (c) Solution with two components. |
| (iv) Hypotonic solution | (d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| (v) Solid solution | (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another. |
| (vi) Hypertonic solution | (f) A solution in solid phase. |
Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.
How can you remove the hard calcium carbonate layer of the egg without damaging its semiprermiable membrane? Can this egg be inserted into a bottle with a narrow neck without distorting its shape? Explain the process involved.
Osmotic pressure of a solution increases if
Isotonic solutions have same
Which one of the following is a colligative property?
Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are
In Isotonic solution
The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 k pa at 300 k. Calculated the vapour pressure of molal solution in it.
Osmotic pressure of a solution containing 2 g dissolved protein per 300 cm3 of solution is 20 mm of Hg at 27°C. The molecular mass of protein is ______.
The following solutions were prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 250 ml of water (P1), 10 g of urea (CH4N2O) in 250 ml of water (P2) and 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 250 ml of water (P3). The right option for the decreasing order of osmotic pressure of these solutions is
Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure measurement.
Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
Isotonic solutions are the solutions having the same ______.
A solution containing 10 g glucose has osmotic pressure 3.84 atm. If 10 g more glucose is added to the same solution, what will be its osmotic pressure? (Temperature remains constant)
How will you determine molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure?
Write the condition of reverse osmosis.
