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प्रश्न
Answer the following.
What are isotonic and hypertonic solutions?
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उत्तर
- Isotonic solutions: Two or more solutions having the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic solutions.
e.g. For example, 0.1 M urea solution and 0.1 M sucrose solution are isotonic because their osmotic pressures are equal. Such solutions have the same molar concentrations but different concentrations in g/L. If these solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, there is no flow of solvent in either direction. - Hypertonic solution: If two solutions have unequal osmotic pressures, the more concentrated solution with higher osmotic pressure is said to be the hypertonic solution.
e.g. For example, if osmotic pressure of sucrose solution is higher than that of urea solution, the sucrose solution is hypertonic to urea solution.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K−1 mol−1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.
Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.
Define osmotic pressure.
Which of the following 0.1 M aqueous solutions will exert the highest osmotic pressure?
Define Semipermeable membrane
Define the following term:
isotonic solution
Choose the most correct option.
In calculating osmotic pressure the concentration of solute is expressed in _______.
Choose the most correct option.
A living cell contains a solution which is isotonic with 0.3 M sugar solution. What osmotic pressure develops when the cell is placed in 0.1 M KCl solution at body temperature?
Choose the most correct option.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 310 K. An aqueous solution of glucose isotonic with blood has the percentage (by volume)________.
Answer the following in one or two sentences.
What is osmotic pressure?
Answer the following in one or two sentences.
A solution concentration is expressed in molarity and not in molality while considering osmotic pressure. Why?
Answer the following.
Explain reverse osmosis.
Answer the following.
How molar mass of a solute is determined by osmotic pressure measurement?
An aqueous solution of a certain organic compound has a density of 1.063 g mL-1 , osmotic pressure of 12.16 atm at 25 °C and a freezing point of 1.03 °C. What is the molar mass of the compound?
Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.
Which of the following is a colligative property?
At constant temperature the osmotic pressure of a solution is ____________.
20 g of a substance were dissolved in 500 mL of water and the osmotic pressure of the solution was found to be 600 mm of mercury at 15°C. The molecular weight of the substance is ______.
A solution containing 10 g per dm3 of urea (molar mass 60 g mol−1) is isotonic with 5% solution of non-volatile solute, MB of solute is:
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic pressure of 16.4 atoms is: (R = 0.082 L atom K−1 mol−1)
At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a substance ______.
In isotonic solutions:
(i) Solute and solvent both are same.
(ii) Osmotic pressure is same.
(iii) Solute and solvent may or may not be same.
(iv) Solute is always same solvent may be different.
Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Saturated solution | (a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution. |
| (ii) Binary solution | (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another. |
| (iii) Isotonic solution | (c) Solution with two components. |
| (iv) Hypotonic solution | (d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| (v) Solid solution | (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another. |
| (vi) Hypertonic solution | (f) A solution in solid phase. |
Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.
Osmotic pressure of a solution increases if
Which of the following colligative property can provide molar mass of proteins (or polymers or colloids) with greatest precision?
Isotonic solutions have same
Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are
In Isotonic solution
The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 k pa at 300 k. Calculated the vapour pressure of molal solution in it.
Osmotic pressure of a solution containing 2 g dissolved protein per 300 cm3 of solution is 20 mm of Hg at 27°C. The molecular mass of protein is ______.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25°C assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
Isotonic solutions are the solutions having the same ______.
Arrange the following solutions in the order of increasing osmotic pressure (π) assuming complete ionization.
- 0.5M Li2 SO4
- 0.5M KCl
- 0.5M Al2 (SO4)3
- 0.1 M BaCl2
Define reverse osmosis.
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.03 mole of non electrolyte solute dissolved in 0.1 dm3 of water at 300 K. [R = 0.082 dm3 atm mol-1 K-1]
The 'X' g nonvolatile solute having molar mass 196 g mol-1 is dissolved in 3 dm³ water. Calculate the value of 'X' if resulting solution has osmotic pressure 0.8 atm at 300 К.
(R = 0.0821dm³ atm K-1 mol-1)
The plot of osmotic pressure (π) vs concentration (mol L−1) for a solution gives a straight line with slope 25.73 L bar mol−1. The temperature at which the osmotic pressure measurement is done is ______.
(Use R = 0.083 L bar mol−1 K−1)
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.2 M aqueous solution of nonelectrolyte at 300 K.
[R = 0.082 atm dm3 mol−1K−1]
