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प्रश्न
Define osmotic pressure.
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उत्तर
Osmotic pressure may be defined as the external pressure which should be applied to the solution in order to stop the phenomenon of osmosis, i.e., to stop the flow of solvent into the solution when the two are separated by a semipermeable membrane.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Which of the following is not a colligative property?
Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.
Define Semipermeable membrane
Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the freezing point by 2°C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol−1)
Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol−1).
Define the following term:
isotonic solution
Define the following term:
Hypotonic solution
Choose the most correct option.
In calculating osmotic pressure the concentration of solute is expressed in _______.
Choose the most correct option.
A living cell contains a solution which is isotonic with 0.3 M sugar solution. What osmotic pressure develops when the cell is placed in 0.1 M KCl solution at body temperature?
Choose the most correct option.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 310 K. An aqueous solution of glucose isotonic with blood has the percentage (by volume)________.
Answer the following.
What are isotonic and hypertonic solutions?
Answer the following.
The osmotic pressure of CaCl2 and urea solutions of the same concentration at the same temperature are respectively 0.605 atm and 0.245 atm, calculate van’t Hoff factor for CaCl2.
Answer the following.
How molar mass of a solute is determined by osmotic pressure measurement?
Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.
Explain the phenomenon of osmosis.
Define Osmosis.
Which of the following is a colligative property?
Two solutions have different osmotic pressures. The solution of higher osmotic pressure is called ____________.
At constant temperature the osmotic pressure of a solution is ____________.
The average osmotic pressure of human blood is 7.8 bar at 37°C. What is the concentration of an aqueous NaCl solution that could be used in the blood stream?
Osmotic pressure of a solution is 0.0821 atm at a temperature of 300 K. The concentration in moles/litre will be:
A solution containing 10 g per dm3 of urea (molar mass 60 g mol−1) is isotonic with 5% solution of non-volatile solute, MB of solute is:
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic pressure of 16.4 atoms is: (R = 0.082 L atom K−1 mol−1)
At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a substance ______.
Which of the following statements is false?
In isotonic solutions:
(i) Solute and solvent both are same.
(ii) Osmotic pressure is same.
(iii) Solute and solvent may or may not be same.
(iv) Solute is always same solvent may be different.
Give an example of a material used for making semipermeable membrane for carrying out reverse osmosis.
Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Saturated solution | (a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution. |
| (ii) Binary solution | (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another. |
| (iii) Isotonic solution | (c) Solution with two components. |
| (iv) Hypotonic solution | (d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| (v) Solid solution | (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another. |
| (vi) Hypertonic solution | (f) A solution in solid phase. |
Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.
How can you remove the hard calcium carbonate layer of the egg without damaging its semiprermiable membrane? Can this egg be inserted into a bottle with a narrow neck without distorting its shape? Explain the process involved.
Osmotic pressure of a solution increases if
Which of the following colligative property can provide molar mass of proteins (or polymers or colloids) with greatest precision?
Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are
In Isotonic solution
The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 k pa at 300 k. Calculated the vapour pressure of molal solution in it.
Osmotic pressure of a solution containing 2 g dissolved protein per 300 cm3 of solution is 20 mm of Hg at 27°C. The molecular mass of protein is ______.
The following solutions were prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 250 ml of water (P1), 10 g of urea (CH4N2O) in 250 ml of water (P2) and 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 250 ml of water (P3). The right option for the decreasing order of osmotic pressure of these solutions is
Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure measurement.
Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25°C assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
Isotonic solutions are the solutions having the same ______.
A solution containing 10 g glucose has osmotic pressure 3.84 atm. If 10 g more glucose is added to the same solution, what will be its osmotic pressure? (Temperature remains constant)
Prove that: M2 = `(W_2RT)/(πV)`.
Arrange the following solutions in the order of increasing osmotic pressure (π) assuming complete ionization.
- 0.5M Li2 SO4
- 0.5M KCl
- 0.5M Al2 (SO4)3
- 0.1 M BaCl2
Name the four colligative properties that are oftently used for determination of molecular mass.
How will you determine molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure?
Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.03 mole of non electrolyte solute dissolved in 0.1 dm3 of water at 300 K. [R = 0.082 dm3 atm mol-1 K-1]
The plot of osmotic pressure (π) vs concentration (mol L−1) for a solution gives a straight line with slope 25.73 L bar mol−1. The temperature at which the osmotic pressure measurement is done is ______.
(Use R = 0.083 L bar mol−1 K−1)
