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प्रश्न
Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.
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उत्तर
Some essential importance of osmosis are given below:
• In animals, circulation of water to all parts of body takes place due to osmosis.
• Plant roots absorb water from soil due to osmosis. Concentration of cell sap inside the root hair cells is higher than that of water present in the soil. Water enters the root cells due to endosmosis.
• Water absorbed by plant roots is circulated in the entire plant body and reaches to the top of a tall tree due to osmosis.
• Osmosis helps in plant growth and germination of seeds.
• Red blood cells burst when placed in water; it is due to endosmosis.
• Various functions of plants are controlled by osmosis, e.g., stretching of leaves and flowers, opening and closing of flowers.
• Use of salt and sugar in‘pickles and jams acts as preservatives. It prevents growth of bacteria and fungi by osmosis.
• Dead bodies swell under water due to endosmosis.
• When dried fruits and vegetables are placed in water, they slowly swell and return to the original form. It is again due to endosmosis of water into the fruits and vegetables.
• Edema: Due to excess intake of salt by a person, the tissues become puffy, it is called edema. It is due to retention of water in the tissue owing to osmosis.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 liter of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
Which of the following 0.1 M aqueous solutions will exert the highest osmotic pressure?
Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the freezing point by 2°C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol−1)
Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol−1).
Define the following term:
Hypotonic solution
Answer the following.
What are isotonic and hypertonic solutions?
Answer the following.
Explain reverse osmosis.
Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.
At constant temperature the osmotic pressure of a solution is ____________.
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic pressure of 16.4 atoms is: (R = 0.082 L atom K−1 mol−1)
Isotonic solutions must have the same:
(i) solute
(ii) density
(iii) elevation in boiling point
(iv) depression in freezing point
In Isotonic solution
Osmotic pressure of a solution containing 2 g dissolved protein per 300 cm3 of solution is 20 mm of Hg at 27°C. The molecular mass of protein is ______.
Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25°C assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
Isotonic solutions are the solutions having the same ______.
A solution containing 10 g glucose has osmotic pressure 3.84 atm. If 10 g more glucose is added to the same solution, what will be its osmotic pressure? (Temperature remains constant)
Name the four colligative properties that are oftently used for determination of molecular mass.
The 'X' g nonvolatile solute having molar mass 196 g mol-1 is dissolved in 3 dm³ water. Calculate the value of 'X' if resulting solution has osmotic pressure 0.8 atm at 300 К.
(R = 0.0821dm³ atm K-1 mol-1)
