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प्रश्न
Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.
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उत्तर १
| Diamond | Graphite |
| It has a crystalline lattice. | It has a layered structure |
| In diamond, each carbon atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to four other carbon atoms through a σ bond. | In graphite, each carbon atom is sp2hybridised and is bonded to three other carbon atoms through a σ bond. The fourth electron forms a π bond. |
| It is made up of tetrahedral units. | It has a planar geometry. |
| The C–C bond length in diamond is 154 pm. | The C–C bond length in graphite is 141.5 pm. |
| It has a rigid covalent bond network which is difficult to break. | It is quite soft and its layers can be separated easily. |
| It acts as an electrical insulator. | It is a good conductor of electricity. |
उत्तर २
Since diamond exists as a three-dimensional network solid, it is the hardest substance known with high density and high melting point.
Whereas in graphite, any two successive layers are held together by weak forces of attraction. This makes graphite soft.
In graphite, carbon atom is sp2 hybridized whereas in diamond, carbon atom is sp3 hybridized.
Unlike diamond, graphite is good conductor of heat and electricity.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of B to Tl.
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
Tl2O3
Elements of group 14 ________.
Rationalise the given statement and give a chemical reaction:
Lead (IV) chloride is highly unstable towards heat.
Rationalise the given statement and give a chemical reaction:
Lead is known not to form an iodide, PbI4.
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
CO
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
B2O3
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
Tl2O3
Which of the following is a Lewis acid?
The reason for small radius of Ga compared to Al is:
(i) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals.
(ii) increase in nuclear charge.
(iii) presence of higher orbitals.
(iv) higher atomic number.
Give reasons for the following:
CCl4 is immiscible in water, whereas SiCl4 is easily hydrolysed.
Explain the following:
CO2 is a gas whereas SiO2 is a solid.
Explain the following:
BF3 does not hydrolyse.
Explain the following:
Why does the element silicon, not form a graphite like structure whereas carbon does.
A tetravalent element forms monoxide and dioxide with oxygen. When air is passed over heated element (1273 K), producer gas is obtained. Monoxide of the element is a powerful reducing agent and reduces ferric oxide to iron. Identify the element and write formulas of its monoxide and dioxide. Write chemical equations for the formation of producer gas and reduction of ferric oxide with the monoxide.
The principal ore of lead is ______.
Which one of the following compounds of Group–14 elements is not known?
Match List I with List II:
| List I | List II |
| Coke | Carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized. |
| Diamond | Used as a dry lubricant. |
| Fullerene | Used as a reducing agent. |
| Graphite | Cage like molecules |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
