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प्रश्न
Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.
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उत्तर १
| Diamond | Graphite |
| It has a crystalline lattice. | It has a layered structure |
| In diamond, each carbon atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to four other carbon atoms through a σ bond. | In graphite, each carbon atom is sp2hybridised and is bonded to three other carbon atoms through a σ bond. The fourth electron forms a π bond. |
| It is made up of tetrahedral units. | It has a planar geometry. |
| The C–C bond length in diamond is 154 pm. | The C–C bond length in graphite is 141.5 pm. |
| It has a rigid covalent bond network which is difficult to break. | It is quite soft and its layers can be separated easily. |
| It acts as an electrical insulator. | It is a good conductor of electricity. |
उत्तर २
Since diamond exists as a three-dimensional network solid, it is the hardest substance known with high density and high melting point.
Whereas in graphite, any two successive layers are held together by weak forces of attraction. This makes graphite soft.
In graphite, carbon atom is sp2 hybridized whereas in diamond, carbon atom is sp3 hybridized.
Unlike diamond, graphite is good conductor of heat and electricity.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Elements of group 14 ________.
Rationalise the given statement and give a chemical reaction:
Lead is known not to form an iodide, PbI4.
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
CO
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
SiO2
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
PbO2
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
Tl2O3
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
B2O3
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
Al2O3
The reason for small radius of Ga compared to Al is:
(i) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals.
(ii) increase in nuclear charge.
(iii) presence of higher orbitals.
(iv) higher atomic number.
Give reasons for the following:
CCl4 is immiscible in water, whereas SiCl4 is easily hydrolysed.
Explain the following:
CO2 is a gas whereas SiO2 is a solid.
Explain the following:
Silicon forms \[\ce{SiF^{2-}6}\] ion whereas corresponding fluoro compound of carbon is not known.
Carbon and silicon both belong to the group 14, but inspite of the stoichiometric similarity, the dioxides, (i.e., carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide), differ in their structures. Comment.
Explain the following:
Carbon shows catenation property but lead does not.
Explain the following:
Why does the element silicon, not form a graphite like structure whereas carbon does.
The principal ore of lead is ______.
Which one of the following compounds of Group–14 elements is not known?
