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प्रश्न
Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.
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उत्तर १
| Diamond | Graphite |
| It has a crystalline lattice. | It has a layered structure |
| In diamond, each carbon atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to four other carbon atoms through a σ bond. | In graphite, each carbon atom is sp2hybridised and is bonded to three other carbon atoms through a σ bond. The fourth electron forms a π bond. |
| It is made up of tetrahedral units. | It has a planar geometry. |
| The C–C bond length in diamond is 154 pm. | The C–C bond length in graphite is 141.5 pm. |
| It has a rigid covalent bond network which is difficult to break. | It is quite soft and its layers can be separated easily. |
| It acts as an electrical insulator. | It is a good conductor of electricity. |
उत्तर २
Since diamond exists as a three-dimensional network solid, it is the hardest substance known with high density and high melting point.
Whereas in graphite, any two successive layers are held together by weak forces of attraction. This makes graphite soft.
In graphite, carbon atom is sp2 hybridized whereas in diamond, carbon atom is sp3 hybridized.
Unlike diamond, graphite is good conductor of heat and electricity.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Rationalise the given statement and give a chemical reaction:
Lead (II) chloride reacts with Cl2 to give PbCl4.
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
Tl2O3
Elements of group 14 ________.
Rationalise the given statement and give a chemical reaction:
Lead is known not to form an iodide, PbI4.
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
CO
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
Al2O3
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
Al2O3
Catenation i.e., linking of similar atoms depends on size and electronic configuration of atoms. The tendency of catenation in Group 14 elements follows the order:
The reason for small radius of Ga compared to Al is:
(i) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals.
(ii) increase in nuclear charge.
(iii) presence of higher orbitals.
(iv) higher atomic number.
Explain the following:
Silicon forms \[\ce{SiF^{2-}6}\] ion whereas corresponding fluoro compound of carbon is not known.
The +1 oxidation state in group 13 and +2 oxidation state in group 14 becomes more and more stable with increasing atomic number. Explain.
Explain the following:
Carbon shows catenation property but lead does not.
A tetravalent element forms monoxide and dioxide with oxygen. When air is passed over heated element (1273 K), producer gas is obtained. Monoxide of the element is a powerful reducing agent and reduces ferric oxide to iron. Identify the element and write formulas of its monoxide and dioxide. Write chemical equations for the formation of producer gas and reduction of ferric oxide with the monoxide.
The principal ore of lead is ______.
Stannous chloride solution when kept in the air turns milky due to the formation of ______.
Which one of the following compounds of Group–14 elements is not known?
