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Chemical Reaction of Ethers - Cleavege of C-O Bonds

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Estimated time: 3 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Key Points: Chemical Reactions of Ethers – Cleavage of C–O Bond

  • Ethers are generally very unreactive (no H-bonding between ether molecules).
  • When excess HX is added → C–O bond cleaves → alkyl halides.
  • Reactivity of HX: HI > HBr > HCl
  • If 1° or 2° alkyl groups: Smaller alkyl group forms alkyl iodide. (e.g., C₂H₅–O–CH₃ + HI → C₂H₅OH + CH₃I)
  • If one alkyl group is 3°: Forms tertiary alkyl halide (SN1 pathway).

Reaction with conc. HI:

  • With excess HI: Both groups convert to iodo compounds
  • e.g., \[\ce{C2H5OC2H5 + HI ->[Cold] C2H5I + C2H5OH}\]

Shaalaa.com | Alcohol, Phenol and Ether part 28 (Ether Chemical Properties)

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