Sarita Aggarwal solutions for बायोलॉजी [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ आईएससी chapter 16 - Biotechnology and Its Applications [Latest edition]

Bt cotton contains the gene of ______.

In Bt cotton, the Bt protein ______.

The 'Flavr Savr' tomato is ______.

Children suffering from SCID cannot make the following enzyme.

SCID patients cannot produce the following cells.

A transgene expression can achieve which of the following?

Which of the following combinations of risk are associated with genetically modified food?

1. Toxicity
2. Allergic reaction
3. Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal.

Rhizobium is an example of ______.

The gene ‘cry' is naturally present in ______.

A gene that is transferred into an organism by genetic engineering is called ______.

Biopiracy is related to which of the following?

Which of the following is included in biopesticide?

Which of the following is used in biowar?

Insect-resistant transgenic cotton has been produced by inserting a piece of DNA from ______.

Cultivation of Bt cotton has been much in the news. The prefix Bt means ______.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel.

Hirudin is ______.

Golden rice is a promising transgenic crop. When released for cultivation, it will help in ______.

Cry 1 endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against ______.

Human insulin is being commercially produced form a transgenic species of ______.

The soil bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produces an insecticidal protein called ______.

Bacteria ______ is used as a vector to introduce nematode-specific gene into the host plant.

Sense RNA and anti-sense RNA when present together form a ______.

In 'Flavr tomato', the production of ______ was blocked to increase their shelf-life.

Human insulin is commercially produced by transgenic ______ containing human gene.

Immunodeficiency disease SCID occurs due to deletion of the gene for ______.

With the help of ______ technology, early diagnosis of a disease can be done.

In a biopatent ______ can be patented but not a ______.

______ and ______ have been used as biological agents in the biowar in the past.

______ technique for early diagnosis is based on the principle of antigenantibody interaction.

State whether the following is true or false.

PCR and ELISA are two techniques used in increasing agriculture production of crops.

State whether the following is true or false.

Golden rice is a transgenic crop rich in fat content.

State whether the following is true or false.

Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin form in bacteria.

State whether the following is true or false.

Bt protein binds to the enzymes in the bollworm gut and disrupts the lining.

State whether the following is true or false.

Gene cry/Ab produces toxins that control corn borer.

Protein hirudin is extracted from the flowers of transgenic Brassica napus crop.

State whether the following is true or false.

Pro-hormone of insulin has an extra stretch of peptide called A-peptide.

State whether the following is true or false.

Chain A and chain B of insulin are produced separately and then combined with disulphide bonds to form human insulin.

State whether the following is true or false.

Bacteria E. coli is used as a vector to introduce the functional gene of ADA in human cells.

State whether the following is true or false.

Transgenic mice have been used to study the safety of polio vaccine.

Match the following.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A fruit softening enzyme that degrades pectin in tomato.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Scientific name of bacteria from which the gene for insecticidal protein is taken.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Additional nutrient present in golden rice.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A strategy that makes tobacco plants nematode resistant.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Name of genetically modified tomato with longer shelf life.

Answer the following in one or two words.

An organism that is used like a factory producing human insulin.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Kind of cells the ADA-deficient patients cannot produce.

Answer the following in one or two words.

An organisation in India that deals with the research and safety of GM organisms.

Answer the following in one or two words.

An official license granted for biological entities and their products.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Getting patents for already known products indigenous to a country.

Assertion (A): RNAi (RNA interference) occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.

Reason (R): This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA that binds to specific mRNA and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Assertion (A): Flavr Savr, a transgenic tomato which remains fresh and retains their flavour for a long time.

Reason (R): Production of polygalacturonase enzyme, which degrades pectin, is blocked in Flavr Savr.

Assertion (A): Bt cotton is resistant to a group of insects.

Reason (R): Bacillus thuringiensis produces an insecticidal protein called Bt toxin which is toxic to the larvae of certain insects.

Assertion (A): Using rDNA technology human insulin can be produced into bacterial cells.

Reason (R): The chains A and B polypeptides of the human insulin are produced separately, extracted and then combined by creating disulphide bonds to produce human insulin.

Assertion (A): Hirudin is a type of protein that prevents blood clotting.

Reason (R): The gene that encodes hirudin is transferred into Brassica napus, where hirudin is accumulated in the seeds.

Assertion (A): The children with SCID, cannot make adenosine aminase, an enzyme essential for immune system.

Reason (R): SCID can be cured by giving injections of matured B and T cells.

Assertion (A): In ELISA, a pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens like proteins, glycoproteins or by detecting antibodies synthesised against the pathogens in the blood stream.

Reason (R): ELISA test is a technique based on antigen-antibody interactions.

Assertion (A): The hormone insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, chain A and chain B, which are linked together by diphosphate bridges.

Reason (R): Insulin is first synthesised as a pro-enzyme. The hormone has an extra stretch of peptide called the C-peptide.

Assertion (A): Organisations like GEAC are necessary to monitor GM researches and test the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.

Reason (R): When genetically modified organisms are introduced into the ecosystem, GM researches can have unpredictable results which even can be disastrous.

Assertion (A): An example of biopiracy is USA's patent of brazzein, a protein that was obtained from West African plant.

Reason (R): The plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana has been growing in the wild and not used by the locals for centuries.

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. The children born with SCID suffer from the following.
   1. have dysfunctional bone marrow
   2. cannot produce blood cells
   3. cannot produce B and T lymphocytes
   4. have severe anaemia
2. Which system of the body gets affected in ADA-deficient person?
   1. respiratory system
   2. immune system
   3. oxygen transport system
   4. endocrine
3. What is the role of retrovirus in treatment of SCID disorder?
   1. to strengthen immune system of body
   2. to produce antibodies
   3. to act as a vector to insert functional gene
   4. to produce B lymphocytes
4. Which cells of ADA-deficient patient are used in the gene therapy?
   1. stem cells of bone marrow
   2. erythrocytes
   3. lymphocytes
   4. antibodies
5. What is the full form of ADA?
   1. adenine deaminase
   2. adenosine deaminase
   3. adenosine deamine
   4. adenine aminase

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. The Cry toxin is naturally present in
   1. Cotton plant
   2. Bacillus thuringiensis
   3. Bt cotton
   4. caterpillars
2. In Bt cotton, the Bt protein
   1. produces more cotton
   2. stops larva to feed further
   3. stops egg laying of adult
   4. increases protein content
3. The advantage of Bt cotton is that it
   1. contains active Bt toxin
   2. is transgenic
   3. is resistant to bollworms
   4. contains Bacillus thuringiensis
4. Which of the following statements is true for Bt toxin? Bt toxin is
   1. present as protoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis
   2. present in active form in bacteria
   3. converted to protoxin in larvae midgut
   4. harmful to Bacillus thuringiensis
5. Bt toxin is harmful to
   1. adult cotton bollworm
   2. Bt cotton
   3. Bacillus thuringiensis
   4. larvae of cotton bollworm

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. When a specific mRNA is silenced,
   1. bacteria cannot survive
   2. specific protein enzyme is not formed
   3. tRNA is not formed
   4. sense RNA is formed
2. What is the structure of dsRNA in RNA interference technique
   1. RNA formed from DNA
   2. having two strands of sense RNA
   3. having two strands of anti-sense RNA
   4. double-stranded RNA having one strand of sense RNA and one strand of anti-sense RNA
3. The function of dsRNA is to
   1. silence-specific mRNA of bacteria
   2. silence-specific mRNA of host cell
   3. silence-specific mRNA of nematode
   4. stop the formation of mRNA
4. The vector used in RNA inference technique is
   1. Meloidogyne incognita
   2. nematode parasite
   3. Agrobacterium
   4. tobacco plant
5. Nematode parasite cannot survive in transgenic tobacco plant because tobacco plant
   1. has a gene that silences specific mRNA of nematode
   2. has a bacterial gene
   3. produces toxins to kill nematode
   4. alters DNA of nematode

Name the soil bacteria that produces insecticidal protein Bt toxin.

What is Bt cotton?

What does Bt gene do in the cotton plant?

How does Bt cotton eliminate the need of insecticides?

What is Bt toxin?

Why does Bt toxin not kill bacteria?

Where does Bt toxin act in insects?

What is the relationship of Bt toxin and gene cry?

Name bacteria used as a vector to introduce nematode-specific gene into the host plant.

Name the nematode parasite that infects the roots of tobacco plant.

What is hirudin?

Name the genetically modified crop in which the gene hirudin is introduced.

What does gene hirudin produce?

From where is protein hirudin extracted from the transgenic crop?

Which enzyme activity is blocked in transgenic tomato 'Flaur Savr'?

Name the bacteria used for producing human insulin.

From where is the insulin gene taken?

Name 2 very important techniques used for early diagnosis where DNA technology has been used.

What is the importance of transgenic Golden rice?

Which bacteria is used to transfer the nitrogen fixation gene to crops?

Name the term given to an official license granted for the protection of insertion in biological entities.

Can a discovery be patented?

How is discovery different from invention?

What is the need of a patent?

What is biopiracy?

What are transgenic organisms?

Give one example of transgenic organism.

How does a transgene work? Explain with the help of an example.

What is one important aspect of Bt cotton?

From which organism is Bt gene taken?

Name the enzyme that degrades pectin for ripening tomato.

Name two important properties of 'Flavr Savr'.

Expand the following:

SCID

What is the cause of ADA deficiency?

Which organism is used to insert the normal gene into WBCs of the SCID patient?

Name two transgenic microorganisms and their important applications.

Define the term ‘Biopatent’.

What can be patented in biology?

What is biopiracy?

Give one example of biopiracy.

What is a bioweapon agent?

Name three bioweapon agents.

What does the term 'genetically modified organisms' mean?

Give two examples of GMO and their uses.

What is Bt cotton?

What is the effect of Bt cotton on cotton bollworm?

How is Bt cotton of any advantage to farmers?

Give the scientific name of the nematode parasite that infects the root of tobacco plants.

How the plant has been made nematode resistant?

What is the function of hirudin?

Name the crop from which hirudin can be obtained. Briefly explain the process.

Name one of the first genetically modified food that reached the consumers. Give an important property of this modified food. How was this property achieved?

What is the function of insulin?

Give the structure and synthesis of insulin in humans.

What is gene therapy?

Give an example where gene therapy has been used successfully.

Name the gene involved in this therapy.

Give various steps in the gene therapy to cure ADA deficiencу.

What is the importance of PCR.

What is the importance of ELISA?

Give an example to explain the significance of PCR.

Give an example to explain the significance of ELISA.

What is bioethics?

Name four major bioethical concerns?

Give two examples of biopiracy.

Differentiate between the following:

Organic crops and Genetically-engineered crops

Differentiate between the following:

Transgenic and Non-transgenic organism

Differentiate between the following:

Bt cotton and Local cotton crop

Differentiate between the following:

Locally grown tomato and 'Flavr Savr' tomato

Differentiate between the following:

Biopatent and Biopiracy

Explain the steps involved in the formation of human insulin by transgenic E. coli.

How does RNA interference help in producing nematode-resistant plants?

What is Bt cotton?

Give the mode of action of Bt cotton on bollworm.

What is 'Flavr Savr' tomato?

How is 'Flavr Savr' tomato produced?

Explain the steps in the gene therapy to treat SCID patient.

What are transgenic crops?

Give some advantages of transgenic crops.

Give one specific example of transgenic cotton.

Name the things that can be awarded biopatents.

What is biopiracy?

How are industrialised nations exploiting the bioresources? Give one example.

What is biowar?

Name a few bioweapon agents. What possible control and defences can be taken against these?

List a few major bioethical concerns related to transgenic organisms.

'Biotechnology can greatly promote human welfare, but it can also be misused to increase human sufferings'. Comment on the statement with the help of suitable examples.

Give the full form of EFB.

Which one of the following factors is responsible for activation of protoxin into active Bt toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis?

State the steps involved in the process of gene therapy for the treatment of ADA-deficiency.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. Name the cloning vector shown above. In which organism in this cloning vector inserted?

2. Mention any two restriction sites shown in the diagram.

3. Name any two selectable markers shown in the diagram.

Explain the steps involved in the production of human insulin by Recombinant DNA technology.