Sarita Aggarwal solutions for बायोलॉजी [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ आईएससी chapter 8 - Evolution-Origin of Life [Latest edition]

The earth originated approximately ______.

Which of the following gases was absent on primitive earth?

Which of the following scientists suggested that amino acids were very important for origin of life?

Which of the following scientists tested the biochemical hypothesis of origin of life?

What were the views of Louis Pasteur?

According to biochemical evolution of life, the life originated ______.

According to abiotic origin of life, life originated ______.

What were the end products of MillerUrey experiment?

Coacervates are clusters of ______.

Which of the following statements is true?

Darwin's finches is a very good example of ______.

Natural selection can lead to similar adaptations in the diverse groups surviving in similar habitats is called ______.

Which of the following are homologous organs?

Which of the following are analogous organs?

Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans?

The organs that have the same basic structure and developmental origin but may differ in function are called ______.

Homology of organs in two animals suggests that both animals ______.

Phylogeny represents the ______.

What is true of palaeonotological evidences?

Which of the following is present today but was absent about 3.5 billion years ago?

Theory of spontaneous generation was given by ______.

Coacervates are ______.

Which one is not a vestigial organ?

The wings of bat and bird are ______.

Recapitulation theory was called the Law of Biogenesis by ______.

According to Oparin, which one of the following gases was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth?

The gases used in the Miller-Urey experiment were ______.

Coacervates were experimentally produced by ______.

Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that ______.

Which of the following is relatively most accurate method of dating of fossils?

An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurence of ______.

Evolution history of an organism is known as ______.

Which one of the following amino acids was not found to be synthesized in Miller's experiment?

The concept of chemical evolution is based on ______.

Which one of the following statement is correct?

The finches of Galapagos islands provide an evidence in favour of ______.

Millar and Urey preformed an experiment to prove origin of life. They took gases NH₃ and H₂ alongwith ______.

The age of fossils is determined by ______.

Archaeopteryx is a missing link between ______.

Most of the fossils are found in which rock?

Plants and animals of Galapagos island resemble most closely plants and animals of ______.

Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita and examples of ______.

Which one of the following is incorrect characteristics of protobionts (coacervates and micropheres) as envisages in the abiogenic origin of life?

About 4.6 billion years ago, the earth had reducing ______ which means there was ______.

Oparin suggested the formation of specialised droplets called ______ that could grow, divide and replicate.

In Miller and Urey's experiment the energy was supplied by ______ in the gaseous chamber.

______ are the remains or impressions of organisms preserved in the rocks.

The first living organisms were ______.

With the evolution of ______ molecule the earth atmosphere changed from reducing to ______.

In the primeval earth, solar radiation, lightning and ______ served as the energy sources.

In the primeval earth, the organic molecules accumulated in ______ because their ______ was extremely slow in the absence of any life or enzyme catalysts.

State whether the following is true or false.

According to the concept of biological evolution, all organisms are related through ancestry.

State whether the following is true or false.

Diverse kinds of organisms are evolved at various periods of time; hence their basic life processes are different.

State whether the following is true or false.

Microbes, plants and animals appear so distinct from one another that they cannot have similarities in patterns of reproduction.

State whether the following is true or false.

Pasteur's experiment proved that life originated from pre-existing life.

State whether the following is true or false.

Organs having same function but different origin are homologous organs.

State whether the following is true or false.

Analogous organs and vestigial organs suggest the presence of a common ancestor.

Match the following.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Evolution of this molecule led to release of O₂ in the earth’s atmosphere.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Absence ofthis gas that led to the reducing atmosphere on earth.

Answer the following in one or two words.

An important fossil that is supposed to be a missing link between reptiles and birds.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Organs that are useless for present organisms but were functional in the ancestors.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Term used for the study of fossils.

Assertion (A): The primitive atmosphere was reducing atmosphere, i.e., without free oxygen.

Reason (R): In the primitive atmosphere, oxygen was involved in forming ozone.

Assertion (A): Coacervates are believed to be the precursors of life.

Reason (R): Coacervates were selfduplicating aggregates of proteins surrounded by lipid molecules.

Assertion (A): The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and anaerobes.

Reason (R): The first autotrophic organisms were chemoautotrophs that did not release oxygen.

Assertion (A): Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are homologous organs.

Reason (R): Homologous organs have similar functions but are different in their structural details and origin.

Assertion (A): The early embryos of fish, salamander, tortoise, chick and humans resemble one another closely.

Reason (R): Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. According to the research study by Grants, appearance of new species points towards
   1. disuse of organs
   2. natural selection
   3. mutation selection
   4. artificial selection
2. The Grants study found that,the drought on Galapagos Islands led to
   1. depletion of easily cracked nuts
   2. depletion of large strong nuts
   3. finches migrating from main land
   4. reduced population on finches
3. During droughts in the island, survival of following types of plants was observed
   1. grasses with thin leaves
   2. plants with small nuts
   3. plants with tough nuts
   4. plants with small leaves
4. New species of Darwin's finches as observed by the research group were
   1. large and strong
   2. similar to main land
   3. had narrow, small beaks
   4. had strong, wide beaks
5. The study by Grants points towards the following evolutionary change
   1. droughts can occur on islands
   2. new species due to evolutionary changes
   3. scarcity of food on island
   4. migration of finches to main land

By the big bang theory, what is the estimated time for the origin of earth?

What is the estimated time of origin of one-celled organisms that resembled cyanobacteria of today?

What did biologist, Redi prove by his experiment?

Why did Pasteur boil the nutrients for several minutes in his experiments?

What did Pasteur try to demonstrate with his experiments?

According to Darwin, where did first life arose?

Name the gases present in earth's atmosphere at the time of origin of life on earth.

Who gave the bio-chemical theory of origin of life?

Name the source of energy present on primitive earth.

Which important gas was not present on the primitive earth?

Which was the name given to the small clusters or specialised droplets formed which could grow, divide and replicate themselves?

Which scientists put Oparin-Haldane theory to test and did series of experiments?

Name the gases they put in their apparatus for the experiment.

What was the temperature set for this experiment?

How did they provide energy to these gases?

Name the chemicals formed during the experiment.

What did this experiment suggest?

What is a very important factor that led to formation of coacervated?

Can life originate from non-living inorganic atmosphere today. Why?

Evolution of which molecule led to release of O₂ in the earth's atmosphere?

What term was given by biologist Sidney Fox to aggregates of polymers formed in the experiments?

What is the study of fossils known?

What are fossils?

Name an important fossil that is supposed to be a missing link between two groups.

Name three features by which Archaeopteryx gives an evidence of reptilian ancestry?

What does biogeography mean?

Why was there a similarity in plants ind animals species on the islands Darwin visited with the South American mainland?

If organs on different groups of organisms have same basic structure ind origin but differ in appearance what are they called as?

Give an example of analogous organs.

What important evidence do homologous organ indicate towards?

What do the differences in homologous and analogous organs indicate?

What are analogous organs?

Give an example of analogous organs.

What kind of organs (homologous or analogous) are sweet potato and potato and why?

What kind of organs are vermiform appendix and tail vertebrae in humans from evolutionary significancе?

What is their role of above organs in humans?

Though human baby does not have external gills but they appear in the embryonic stages? What does it support?

What is the basis of 'Recapitulation theory'?

Why did Oparin-Haldane theory propose that ultra violet radiations from sun were present on earth and were very powerful in earth's atmosphere then?

According to Sidney Fox, where did the formation of protenoids take place on primitive earth?

Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.

What is abiogenesis?

When did the universe originate by the Big Bang Theory?

Which gases were present on the primitive earth?

What was the source of energy in the Miller and Urey experiment?

What were the major requirements for polymerisation of earlier molecules on earth?

What are microspheres?

How did the first living organisms devise energy?

Define organic evolution.

What does the study of evolution of Australian marsupials and placental mammals signify?

Give an example of homologous organs in plants.

Why is wing of bat considered homokgous to fin of whales?

Define the term vestigial organs. Give one example in man.

How can the habit, habitat and behaviour of the extinct species be estimated by the study of fossils?

How do fossil records explain the evolution of life from simpler to complex forms?

Give an evidence that the continental drift had occurred.

How do homologous organs explain the evolution from a common ancestor?

What do analogous organs suggest?

How do you explain the presence of appendix in man, which has no function?

What did Louis Pasteur try to prove?

What was the source of energy on primitive earth?

What do you understand by the word primordial soup?

What is the significancе of primordial soup?

Name the gases filled in the gas chamber to recreate the conditions of primitive earth.

What is the meaning of abiotic origin of life?

What is coacervate?

Why are the wings of a butterfly and of a bat called analogous?

Are the thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita homologous or analogous? What type of evolution has brought such a similarity in them?

Mention the 'type of evolution' that has brought the similarity as seen in potato tuber and sweet potato.

Name the gases and the source of energy in the Miller and Urey experiment. What did their experiment prove?

Define the following term:

Vestigial organs

Define the term:

Homologous organs

Define the term:

Analogous organs

Give one example of vestigial organs.

Give one example of homologous organs.

Give one example of analogous organs.

Name the gases filled in the gas chamber to recreate the conditions of primitive earth. Who created this experiment in the laboratory? What did they try to prove?

Give three evidences of evolution with one example of each.

What is the meaning of 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny'? Justify your answer.

Differentiate between Convergent and divergent evolution.

Write down the difference between homologous and analogous organs.

Differentiate between the following:

Paleontological and Biogeographical evidence

Differentiate between the following:

Analogous and Vestigial organs

Explain the events leading to origin of earth by Big Bang Theory.

State the hypothesis of Oparin and Haldane about the primeval earth condition.

What do you understand by Haldane's hot dilute soup?

State the significance of Haldane's hot dilute soup.

List out possible steps by which simple inorganic substances gave rise to complex organic molecules which eventually gave rise to first cell.

Summarise Miller's simulation experiment for organic synthesis. Comment on its efficacy.

Explain the sequences of events from the first living cell till the evolution of photosynthetic autotrophs.

What is meant by the term evolution?

Distinguish between cosmic evolution and organic evolution.

What is evolutionary biology?

Write down the difference between homologous and analogous organs.

Give examples of homologous organs found in animals.

Give one example of analogous organs found in plants.

What is a vestigial organ?

Give two examples of vestigial organs  in human beings and plants.

State the significance of vestigial organs.

Explain the statement "Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny".

What are fossils?

Explain the importance of fossils as proof of evolution.

According to Abiogenesis, life originated from ______.

Mention the scientific name of protozoan parasite that causes Amoebiasis.

State three differences between homologous and analogous organs and give an example of each.

Give one example of homologous organs.

Give one example of analogous organs found in plants.

Describe the Oparin Haldane theory of the origin of life.

The tadpole larva of amphibians resembles fishes. How does this observation support evolution?