CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CBSE Syllabus 2026-27 Class 12: The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CBSE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Revised Syllabus
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Solutions [Revision]
1 Solid State [Revision]
- General Characteristics of Solid State
- Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
- Classification of solids
- Crystalline solids
- Amorphous solids
- The distinction between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
- Isomorphous solids and polymorphous solids
- Classification of Crystalline Solids
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
- Unit cell
- Crystal lattice or space lattice
- Two-dimensional lattice and unit cell
- Three-dimensional lattice and unit cell
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells - Primitive and Centred Unit Cells
- Primitive Unit Cells
- Centred Unit Cells
1) Body-Centred Unit Cells
2) Face-Centred Unit Cells
3) End-Centred Unit Cells - Bravais lattices
- Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
- Primitive Cubic Unit Cell
- Body-Centred Cubic Unit Cell
- Face-Centred Cubic Unit Cell
- Close Packed Structures of Solids
- Packing in solids
- Close Packing in One Dimension
1) Coordination number - Close Packing in Two Dimensions
1) Square close packing in two dimensions
2) Hexagonal close packing of spheres in two dimensions - Close Packing in Three Dimensions
- Three-dimensional close-packed structure
- Stage I - Linear packing in one dimension
- Stage II - Planar packing in two dimensions
1) AAAA type, square close-packed structure
2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure - Stage III - Close packing in three dimensions
1) AAAA type, simple cubic structure
2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure
3) ABCABC type, cubic close-packed structure
- Number of voids per atom in hcp and ccp structures
- Locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids: locating tetrahedral voids, Locating octahedral voids
- Close Packed Structures - Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled
- Packing Efficiency
- Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
- Calculation of density of unit cell
- Imperfections in Solids - Introduction
point defects and line defects
- Imperfections in Solids
- Types of Point Defects - Stoichiometric Defects
Vacancy Defect, Interstitial Defect, Frenkel Defect, interstitial defect, dislocation defect, Schottky Defect
- Types of Point Defects - Non-stoichiometric Defects
Metal Excess Defect, Metal Deficiency Defect
- Types of Point Defects - Stoichiometric Defects
- Properties of Solids: Electrical Properties
- Conduction of Electricity in Metals
- Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors
- Conduction of electricity in semiconductors
- Intrinsic semiconductors
- Extrinsic semiconductors
a) Electron rich (or donor) impurities
b) Electron deficient (or acceptor) impurities
- Properties of Solids: Magnetic Properties
- Solid State
- Solid State Numericals
2 Electrochemistry [Revision]
- Concept of Electrochemistry
- Electrochemical Cells
- Galvanic or Voltaic Cell
- Galvanic Cells - Measurement of Electrode Potential
- Nernst Equation
- Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
- Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
- Batteries
- Fuel Cells
- Corrosion of Metals
- Definition: Corrosion
- The Hydrogen Economy
- Overview of Electrochemistry
3 Chemical Kinetics [Revision]
- Concept of Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of Chemical Reaction
- Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
- Integrated Rate Equations
- Zero Order Reactions
- First Order Reactions
- Half Life Period of a Reaction
- Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
- Effect of Catalyst on the Rate of Reaction
- Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
- Overview of Chemical Kinetics
4 d-block and f-block Elements [Revision]
- Transition and Inner Transition Elements
- Position in the Periodic Table - d-block Elements
- Electronic Configurations of the d-block Elements
- Physical Properties of the Transition Elements (d-block)
- Variation in Atomic and Ionic Sizes of Transition Metals (d-block)
- Ionisation Enthalpies of the Transition Elements (d-block)
- Oxidation States of the Transition Elements (d-block)
- Trends in Transition Elements (d-block)
- Chemical Reactivity and Electrode Potentials of Transition Elements (d-Block)
- Magnetic Properties of the Transition Elements (d-block)
- Other Properties of Transition Elements (d-block)
- Important Compounds of Transition Elements
- F-block Elements
- Properties of Lanthanoids
- General Characteristics of Lanthanoids
- Properties of Actinoids
- General Characteristics and Comparison with Lanthanoids
- Applications of d- and f-Block Elements
- Overview of d-block and f-block Elements
5 Surface Chemistry [Revision]
- Introduction of Adsorption
- Distinction Between Adsorption and Absorption
- Adsorption
- Types of Adsorption
- Adsorption Isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm)
- Applications of Adsorption
- Catalysis
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Classification of catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
- Examples of homogeneous catalysis
- Examples of heterogeneous catalysis
- Enzyme Catalysis
- Enzymes
- Characteristics of enzymes
- Mechanism of enzyme catalysis
- Examples of enzyme catalysed reactions
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Adsorption Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Colloids
- Properties of Colloidal Dispersions
- Preparation of Colloids
- Purification of Colloidal Solution
- Properties of Colloidal Solutions
- Colligative properties
- Tyndall effect
- Colour
- Brownian movement
- Charge on colloidal particles
- Electrophoresis
- Coagulation of lyophilic sols
- Coagulation or precipitation
- Methods to effect coagulation
- Methods to prevent coagulation of colloids (Protection of colloids)
- Emulsions
- Colloids Around Us
- Colloids in our daily life
- Natural phenomena
a) Blue colour of sky and sea
b) Fog, mist, and rain
c) Soils
d) Delta formation
e) Food articles
f) Blood - Industrial applications
a) Electrical precipitation of smoke
b) Purification of drinking water
c) Colloidal medicines
d) Photographic plates
e) Artificial rain
f) Rubber industry
g) Tanning
h) Miscellaneous
5 Coordination Compounds [Revision]
- Concept of Coordination Compounds
- Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds
- Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
- Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
- Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
- Stereoisomerism
- Bonding in Coordination Compounds
- Importance and Limitations of Valence Bond Theory
- Limitations of Crystal Field Theory
- Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
- Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
- Overview of Coordination Compounds
6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements [Revision]
- Occurrence of Metals
- Definition: Minerals
- Definition: Ores
- Key Points: Occurrence of Metals
- Types of Separation or Concentration of an Ore
- Pulverization
- Concentration of an ore
- Types of separation or concentration of an ore
- Hydraulic (gravity separation) method or Levigation method
- Magnetic separation method
- Froth floatation
- Chemical method or Leaching
- Wilfley table method
- Hydraulic Washing
- Magnetic Separation
- Leaching
- Leaching
- Leaching of alumina from bauxite (Baeyer's process)
- Leaching of the ore containing native metal (silver and gold): Mac Arthur Forest Cyanide process
- Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
- Conversion to oxide
- Calcination
- Roasting
- Reduction of oxide to the metal
- Pyrometallurgy
- Hydrometallurgy
- Electrometallurgy
- Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
- Ellingham diagrams
- Significance of Ellingham diagram
- Limitations of Ellingham diagram
- Selection of reducing agent
- Application of Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
- Extraction of iron from its oxides,
- Extraction of copper from cuprous oxide [copper(I) oxide]
- Extraction of zinc from zinc oxide
- Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
- Aluminium - Hall-Heroult process
- Copper from Low Grade Ores and Scraps
- Oxidation Reduction
- Refining of Crude Metals
- Principles and methods of extraction - Refining
- Distillation
- Liquation
- Electrolytic refining (electrolytic method)
- Zone refining
- Vapour phase refining
- Chromatographic methods
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Numerical
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes [Revision]
- Concept of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Classification of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Nomenclature of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Nature of C-X Bond of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes
- Methods of Preparation of Haloarenes
- Physical Properties of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Reactions of Haloalkanes - Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
- Reactions of Haloalkanes - Elimination Reactions
- Reactions of Haloalkanes - Reaction with Metals
- Reactions of Haloarenes - Nucleophilic Substitution
- Reactions of Haloarenes - Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
- Reactions of Haloarenes - Reaction with Metals
- Polyhalogen Compounds
- Overview of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers [Revision]
- Concept of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Classification of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Nomenclature of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Structures of Functional Groups of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Methods of Preparation of Alcohols
- Methods of Preparation of Phenols
- Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
- Chemical Reactions of Alcohols and Phenols
- Reactions of Phenols
- Commercially Important Alcohols
- Preparation of Ethers
- Physical Properties of Ethers
- Chemical Reaction of Ethers - Cleavege of C-O Bonds
- Chemical Reaction of Ethers - Electrophilic Substitution
- Overview of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
7 P - Block Elements [Revision]
- Group 15 Elements - The Nitrogen Family
- Dinitrogen
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Ammonia
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Oxoacids of nitrogen
- Structures of Oxides of Nitrogen
- Nitric Acid
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus - Allotropic Forms
- White phosphorus
- Red phosphorus
- Black phosphorus
- Phosphine
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus Halides
- Phosphorus Trichloride - Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus Pentachloride - Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Dinitrogen
- Group 16 Elements - The Oxygen Family
- Dioxygen
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Ozone
- Preparation, properties, structures, and uses
- Sulphur - Allotropic Forms
- Rhombic sulphur (α-sulphur)
- Monoclinic sulphur (β-sulphur)
- Sulphur Dioxide
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Sulphuric Acid
- Preparation, properties, structures, and uses
- Dioxygen
- Group 17 Elements - The Halogen Family
- Hydrogen Chloride
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Oxoacids of Halogens
- Oxides and oxoacids of halogens
- Hydrogen Chloride
- Compounds of Halogens
- Group 18 Elements - The Noble gas Family
- P Block Elements
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids [Revision]
- Concepts of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Structure of Carbonyl Group
- Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones - Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones - Reduction
- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones - Oxidation
- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones - Reactions Due to α-hydrogen
- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones - Other Reactions
- Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
- Structure of the Carboxyl group
- Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving Cleavege of O-H Bond
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving Cleavege of C-OH Bond
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving –COOH Group
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Substitution Reactions in the Hydrocarbon Part
- Uses of Carboxylic Acids
- Overview: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
9 Amines [Revision]
- Concept of Amines
- Structure of Amines
- Classification of Amines
- Nomenclature of Animes
- Preparation of Amines
- Physical Properties of Amines
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Basic Character of Amines
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Alkylation and Acylation
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Carbylamine Reaction
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Reaction with Nitrous Acid
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Reaction with Arylsulphonyl Chloride
- Chemical Reactions of Amines - Electrophilic Substitution
- Diazonium Salts
- Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts
- Physical Properties of Diazonium Salts
- Chemical Reaction of Diazonium Salts - Reactions Involving Displacement of Nitrogen
- Chemical Reaction of Diazonium Salts - Reactions Involving Retention of Diazo Group
- Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds
- Overview of Amines
10 Biomolecules [Revision]
- Concept of Biomolecules
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Carbohydrates
- Classification of Carbohydrates
- Preparation of Glucose
- Structures of Glucose
- Fructose
- Importance of Carbohydrates
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Proteins
- Classification of Amino Acids
- Structure of Proteins
- Denaturation of Proteins
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Enzymes
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Nucleic Acids
- Chemical Composition of Nucleic Acids
- Structure of Nucleic Acids
- Har Gobind Khorana
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Definition: DNA Fingerprinting
- Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Hormones
- Overview of Biomolecules
15 Polymers [Revision]
- Introduction to Polymers
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Source or Origin
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Structure
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Mode of Polymerisation
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Intermolecular Forces
- Classification of Polymers Based on Growth Polymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Addition Polymerisation or Chain Growth Polymerisation
- Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation
1) Free radical mechanism - Some Important Addition Polymers
(a) Polythene
(i) Low density polythene
(ii) High density polythene
(b) Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon)
(c) Polyacrylonitrile
- Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Condensation Polymerisation Or Step Growth Polymerisation
- Condensation Polymerisation or Step Growth Polymerisation
- Some Important Condensation Polymers
(a) Polyamides: Nylons
(i) Nylon 6, 6
(ii) Nylon 6
(b) Polyesters
(c) Phenol - formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite and related polymers)
(d) Melamine - formaldehyde polymer
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Copolymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Rubber
- Natural rubber (Vulcanisation of rubber),
- Synthetic rubbers
- Buna-S rubber
- Buna-N rubber or nitrile rubber
- Neoprene rubber
- Molecular Mass of Polymers
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Biodegradability
- Polymers of Commercial Importance
Polypropene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Urea-formaldehyle Resin, Glyptal, Bakelite
- Some Important Polymers
- Polymers Numericals
16 Chemistry in Everyday Life [Revision]
- Classification of Drugs
- Classification of Drugs
(a) On the basis of pharmacological effect
(b) On the basis of drug action
(c) On the basis of chemical structure
(d) On the basis of molecular targets
- Classification of Drugs
- Drug-target Interaction - Enzymes as Drug Targets
- Catalytic action of enzymes
- Drug-enzyme interaction
- Drug-target Interaction - Receptors as Drug Targets
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antacids
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antihistamines
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Neurologically Active Drugs
- Tranquilizers
- Analgesics
(i) Non-narcotic (non-addictive) analgesics
(ii) Narcotic analgesics
- Compounds with Medicinal Properties
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antifertility Drugs
- Chemicals in Food - Artificial Sweetening Agents and Food Preservatives
- Artificial Sweetening Agents
- Food Preservatives
- Antioxidants in Food
- Cleansing Agents
- Chemistry in Everyday Life Numericals
