Definitions [4]
Define the term ‘amorphous’.
The solids which do not possess the repeating ordered arrangement of atoms or ions are called amorphous solids.
Define unit cell.
A basic repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid is called a unit cell.
Define Anisotropy.
The ability of crystalline solids to change values of physical properties when measured in different directions is called anisotropy.
Define the following term:
Ferromagnetism
Ferromagnetism is defined as the phenomenon in which substances, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are strongly attracted by a magnetic field. Such substances are called ferromagnetic substances.
Theorems and Laws [1]
Name the law or principle to which the following observations confirm:
When 9650 coulombs of electricity is passed through a solution of copper sulphate, 3.175 g of copper is deposited on the cathode (at. wt. of Cu = 63.5).
Faraday’s first law of electrolysis: The mass of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.
Given: Charge passed = 9650 C
Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5
Valency of Cu in CuSO4 = 2
Equivalent mass of Cu = `63.5/2` = 31.75
Now, Mass deposited = `9650/96500 xx 31.75`
= 0.1 × 31.75
= 3.175 g
Important Questions [53]
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid?
- Based on the Nature of Intermolecular Forces, Classify the Following Solids: Sodium Sulphate, Hydrogen
- Write Any Two Differences Between Amorphous Solids and Crystalline Solids
- Account for the Following : O-nitrophenol is More Steam Volatile than P-nitrophenol.
- Give an Example Each of a Molecular Solid and an Ionic Solid.
- What is the covalency of nitrogen in N2O5?
- Define the Following Term: Primitive Unit Cells
- How will you distinguish between the following pair of terms? Crystal lattice and unit cell
- What is the formula of a compound in which the element Y forms ccp lattice and atoms of X occupy 1/3rd of tetrahedral voids?
- An element has atomic mass 93 g mol−1 and density 11.5 g cm–3. If the edge length of its unit cell is 300 pm, identify the type of unit cell. (NA = 6.023 × 1023 mol−1)
- How many atoms constitute one unit cell of a face-centered cubic crystal?
- An Element Crystallises in a B.C.C Lattice with Cell Edge of 500 Pm. the Density of the Element is 7.5g Cm-3. How Many Atoms Are Present in 300 G of the Element?
- An element with molar mass 27 g mol−1 forms a cubic unit cell with edge length 4.05 ✕ 10−8 cm. If its density is 2.7 g cm−3, what is the nature of the cubic unit cell?
- Calculate the Number of Unit Cells in 8.1 G of Aluminium If It Crystallizes in a F.C.C. Structure. (Atomic Mass of Al = 27 G Mol–1)
- An Element 'X' (At. Mass = 40 G Mol-1) Having F.C.C. the Structure Has Unit Cell Edge Length of 400 Pm. Calculate the Density of 'X' and the Number of Unit Cells in 4 G of 'X'. (Na = 6.022 × 1023 Mol-1)
- Formula of a compound in which the element Y forms hcp lattice and atoms of X occupy 2/3 of tetrahedral voids
- How will you distinguish between the following pair of terms? Tetrahedral and octahedral voids
- An Element Crystallises in Bcc Lattic with a Cell Edge of 3 × 10-8cm. the Density of the Element is 6.89 G Cm-3 . Calculate the
- An Element Crystallizes in Fcc Lattice with a Cell Edge of 300 Pm. the Density of the Element is 10.8 G Cm−3. Calculate the Number of Atoms in 108 G of the Element.
- Sum: An element with density 2.8 g cm–3 forms a f.c.c. unit cell with edge length 4 x 10–8 cm. Calculate the molar mass of the element.
- An element with density 10 g cm−3 forms a cubic unit cell with edge length of 3 × 10−8 cm. What is the nature of the cubic unit cell if the atomic mass of the element is 81 g mol−1?
- An element crystallizes in a f.c.c. lattice with cell edge of 250 pm. Calculate the density if 300 g of this element contain 2 × 10^24 atoms.
- An Element Crystallizes in Fcc Lattice with a Cell Edge of 300 Pm. the Density of the Element is 10.8 G Cm-3. Calculate the Number of Atoms in 108 G of the Element.
- An Element with Density 11.2 G Cm–3 Forms a F.C.C. Lattice with Edge Length of 4 × 10–8 Cm. Calculate the Atomic Mass of the Element. (Given : Na = 6.022 × 1023 Mol–1)
- What type of non-stoichiometric point defect is responsible for the pink colour of LiCl ?
- What Type of Stoichiometric Defect is Shown by Nacl ?
- What type of point defect is produced when AgCl is doped with CdCl2?
- Define the Following Term Schottky Defect
- Which Stoichiometric Defect Does Not Change the Density of the Crystal?
- Which Stoichiometric Defect Decreases the Density of the Crystal?
- What Type of Defect is Shown by Nacl in Stoichiometric Defects, and
- Out of Nacl and Agcl, Which One Shows Frenkel Defect and Why?
- Give Reasons : In Stoichiometric Defects, Nacl Exhibits Schottky Defect and Not Frenkel Defect.
- Answer the Following Question. What Type of Stoichiometric Defect is Shown by Zns and Why?
- Non-stoichiometric Defects?
- Examine the Given Defective Crystal:(I) What Type of Stoichiometric Defect is Shown by the Crystal? (Ii) How is the Density of the Crystal Affected by this Defect?
- What Happens When Cdcl2 is Doped with Agcl?
- The Cationic Vacancies Thus Produced Are Equal in Number to that of Cd2+ Ions. this is Impurity Defect.
- Account for the Following: Pcl5 is More Covalent than Pcl3.
- Account for the Following : Sncl4 is More Covalent than Sncl2.
- What Type of Semiconductor is Obtained When Ge is Doped with In?
- What Type of Semiconductor is Obtained When Si is Doped with P?
- What Type of Semiconductor is Obtained When Silicon is Doped with Boron?
- Give Reasons : Silicon on Doping with Phosphorous Forms N-type Semiconductor.
- Give Reasons:Ferrimagnetic Substances Show Better Magnetism than Antiferromagnetic Substances.
- What is ferromagnetism?
- Out of Cof63- and Co(En)33+, Which One Complex is (I) Paramagnetic (Ii) More Stable (Iii) Inner Orbital Complex and (Iv) High Spin Complex (Atomic No. of Co = 27)
- Write the Type of Magnetism Observed When the Magnetic Moments Are Aligned in Parallel and Anti-parallel Directions in Unequal Numbers.
- What type of magnetism is shown in the following alignment of magnetic moments? Ferromagnetism
- Give reason for the following : Sulphur in vapour state shows paramagnetic behaviour.
- Write the Type of Magnetism Observed When the Magnetic Moments Are Oppositely Aligned and Cancel Out Each Other.
- Define the following term: Ferromagnetism
- What Type of Magnetism is Shown by a Substance If Magnetic Moments of Domains Are Arranged in Same Direction?
Concepts [23]
- General Characteristics of Solid State
- Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
- Classification of Crystalline Solids
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells - Primitive and Centred Unit Cells
- Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
- Close Packed Structures of Solids
- Close Packed Structures - Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled
- Packing Efficiency in hcp and ccp Structures
- Efficiency of Packing in Body-centred Cubic Structures
- Packing Efficiency in Simple Cubic Lattice
- Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
- Imperfections in Solids - Introduction
- Types of Point Defects - Stoichiometric Defects
- Types of Point Defects - Impurity Defects
- Types of Point Defects - Non-stoichiometric Defects
- Properties of Solids: Electrical Properties
- Conduction of Electricity in Metals
- Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors
- Applications of n-type and p-type Semiconductors
- Properties of Solids: Magnetic Properties
- Band Theory of Metals
- Solid State Numericals
