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Explain briefly with the help of necessary diagrams, the reverse biasing of a p-n junction diode. Also draw characteristic curves.
Concept: p-n Junction
In the following diagram, is the junction diode forward biased or reverse biased ?
Concept: Semiconductor Diode
Write the functions of the three segments of a transistor.
Concept: Transistor and Characteristics of a Transistor
The figure shows the input waveforms A and B for ‘AND’ gate. Draw the output waveform and write the truth table for this logic gate.

Concept: Transistor and Characteristics of a Transistor
Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a p−n junction.
Concept: Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
In the figure given below the input waveform is converted into the output waveform by a device ‘X’. Name the device and draw its circuit diagram.

Concept: Integrated Circuits
Identify the logic gate represented by the circuit as shown and write its truth table.

Concept: Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
With the help of circuit diagram explain the working principle of a transistor amplifier as an oscillator.
Concept: Junction Transistor >> Feedback Amplifier and Transistor Oscillator
Distinguish between a conductor, a semiconductor and an insulator on the basis of energy band diagrams.
Concept: Energy Bands in Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators
The following figure shows the input waveforms (A, B) and the output waveform (Y) of a gate. Identify the gate, write its truth table and draw its logic symbol.

Concept: Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
Draw a circuit diagram to study the input and output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in its common emitter configuration. Draw the typical input and output characteristics.
Concept: p-n Junction
Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of n-p-n transistor as a common emitter amplifier.
Concept: p-n Junction
How is a zener diode fabricated so as to make it a special purpose diode? Draw I-V characteristics of zener diode and explain the significance of breakdown voltage.
Explain briefly, with the help of a circuit diagram, how a p-n junction diode works as a half wave rectifier.
Concept: p-n Junction
What will be the values of input A and B for the Boolean expression `overline ((A +B) .(A*B)) =1?`
Concept: Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
Give two examples of communication system which use space wave mode.
A TV tower is 80 m tall. Calculate the maximum distance upto which the signal transmitted from the tower can be received.
Concept: Sinusoidal Waves
By what percentage will the transmission ranges of TV tower be affected when the height of the tower is increased by 21%?
Concept: Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
Why are high frequency carrier waves used for transmission?
Concept: Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
What is meant by term ‘modulation’? Draw a block diagram of a simple modulator for obtaining an AM signal.
Concept: Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Why is frequency modulation preferred over amplitude modulation for transmission of music?
Concept: Amplitude Modulation (AM)
