Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Advertisements
उत्तर
Gene therapy is a genetic engineering approach that involves replacing a faulty gene with a normal, functional gene. In 1990, a 4-year-old child suffering from adenosine deaminase deficiency received the first clinical gene therapy. This enzyme is essential for the immune system to operate. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by a gene abnormality in the enzyme adenosine deaminase. SCID patients lack functioning T-lymphocytes and cannot fight bacteria and other microorganisms.
Treatment of ADA deficiency using gene therapy.
To perform gene therapy, doctors take lymphocytes from the patient’s bone marrow and use a retroviral vector to introduce a normal, functional copy of the human ADA gene into those lymphocytes. The treated cells are reintroduced into the patient’s bone marrow. These cells produce lymphocytes that carry the functional ADA gene, which reactivates the victim’s immune system. However, due to their limited lifespan and inability to divide, these lymphocytes require regular replenishment with engineered cells. Modifying stem cells during the early embryonic stage can solve this difficulty.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Why do children cured by enzyme-replacement therapy adenosine deaminase deficiency need periodic treatment?
Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli?
Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?
State the cause of ADA deficiency in humans.Mention a possible cure for an ADA deficiency patient.
Expand the Given and mention one application of each:
ELISA
State the best-known contribution of P.K. Sethi
Describe the steps that are followed during secondary treatment of sewage.
How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using PCR?
Which of the following is a neuropeptide hormone?
Human insulin is being commercially produced forma transgenic species of ______.
A probe which is a molecule used to locale-specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA Mole cubs could be ______.
ADA is an enzyme which is deficient in a genetic disorder SCID. What is the full form of ADA?
Due to which of the following reasons insulin extracted from pancreas of slaughtered animals cannot be used in humans to treat diabetes?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
When gene targetting involving gene amplification is attempted in an individual’s tissue to treat disease, it is known as ______
Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle involved.
What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.
Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the given treatment recurrent in nature?
Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any two diagnostic kits based upon them.
How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?
Eli Lilly's contribution for diabetic patients through r-DNA technology has been overwhelmingly accepted. Explain how?
- Assertion: PCR is a powerful technique to identify genetic disorders.
- Reason: PCR can detect mutations in low amounts of DNA.
In humans, somatic gene therapy was carried out to correct an immunodeficiency disease. Name this disease.
How many cycles of PCR are required to produce 250 molecules of DNA, starting with a single parental strand?
Name the technique used to detect the presence of HIV in the body of an individual, Justify the principle associated with this technique.
Illustrate using any one example of transgenic bacteria.
Atherosclerosis can be treated with recombinant protein called ______
Globally, approximately how many recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use, and how many of them are currently marketed in India?
What primary advantage do edible vaccines offer in terms of human immune response compared to traditional injected vaccines?
