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प्रश्न
What are the forms of energy into which the electrical energy of the atmosphere is dissipated during a lightning?
(Hint: The earth has an electric field of about 100 Vm−1 at its surface in the downward direction, corresponding to a surface charge density = −10−9 C m−2. Due to the slight conductivity of the atmosphere up to about 50 km (beyond which it is good conductor), about + 1800 C is pumped every second into the earth as a whole. The earth, however, does not get discharged since thunderstorms and lightning occurring continually all over the globe pump an equal amount of negative charge on the earth.)
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उत्तर
During lightning and thunderstorm, light energy, heat energy, and sound energy are dissipated in the atmosphere.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Two charges 2 μC and −2 µC are placed at points A and B 6 cm apart.
- Identify an equipotential surface of the system.
- What is the direction of the electric field at every point on this surface?
Describe schematically the equipotential surfaces corresponding to
(a) a constant electric field in the z-direction,
(b) a field that uniformly increases in magnitude but remains in a constant (say, z) direction,
(c) a single positive charge at the origin, and
(d) a uniform grid consisting of long equally spaced parallel charged wires in a plane.
The top of the atmosphere is at about 400 kV with respect to the surface of the earth, corresponding to an electric field that decreases with altitude. Near the surface of the earth, the field is about 100 Vm−1. Why then do we not get an electric shock as we step out of our house into the open? (Assume the house to be a steel cage so there is no field inside!)
Draw equipotential surfaces:
(1) in the case of a single point charge and
(2) in a constant electric field in Z-direction. Why are the equipotential surfaces about a single charge not equidistant?
(3) Can electric field exist tangential to an equipotential surface? Give reason
Draw the equipotential surfaces due to an electric dipole. Locate the points where the potential due to the dipole is zero.
Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2m apart in the air. A third point charge Q of unknown magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system remains in equilibrium. Find the position and nature of Q.
Write two important characteristics of equipotential surfaces.
S1 and S2 are the two imaginary surfaces enclosing the charges +q and -q as shown. The electric flux through S1 and S2 are respectively ______.
Which of the following is NOT the property of equipotential surface?
Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other?
Draw equipotential surfaces for (i) an electric dipole and (ii) two identical positive charges placed near each other.
In the hierarchy of equipotential concepts, which term describes a volume enclosed at the same potential?
A curve connecting points that all have equal electric potential is best described as:
If the electric field \[\vec{E}\] had a component along (tangent to) an equipotential surface, what contradiction would arise?
Equipotential surfaces are denser (closer together) in regions where:
The direction in which electric potential decreases is:
For an infinite line charge (infinite cylinder configuration), the equipotential surfaces are:
A particle floats between two parallel plates separated by 0.1 m with a potential difference of 4000 V. The particle carries a charge of \[1.6 \times 10^{-19}\] C. Taking \[g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2\], the mass of the particle is approximately:
