Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Imagine that you are on an uninhabited island with a group of children of your age. In groups of four, discuss and enumerate the strategies that will be adopted by you to survive. You can think on the following lines :
| food | protection against animals |
| shelter | life-skills (problem-solving, decision-making) |
| means of escape | protection against harsh weather conditions |
Advertisements
उत्तर
The top priority should be to search for drinking water and food. A spring with clear water can be a great boon in such conditions. Otherwise, water from any running source is good. For food fruits are always plenty. We can look for fresh preferred by birds in the location as it will ensure that we are not trying a harmful fruit. Fish and eggs are good sources of food in these conditions. Ideal shelter can be on a treetop as it will save against harmful animals. Fire can be lit by hitting two stones or by rubbing a big stick vigorously. Fire will also save us against extreme cold, apart from keeping animals at bay.
For escaping, the best way is to use some means of signaling so that rescue team can spot us. Smokes are used since time immemorial to send signals.
Every effort should be made to conserve as much water as possible in these conditions.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Why did the women at the temple discuss the latest episode of ‘Kashi Yatre’?
Answer the following question:
Why was it necessary to keep Harold’s father’s profession a secret from him?
On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice
The poem is narrated in the first person by the brook. This figure of speech is
Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem.
'The Road Not Taken' is a biographical poem. Therefore, some personal
biographical information is relevant for the deeper understanding of the poem
we have read. Go to www.encarta.com and complete the following worksheet
about Robert Frost.
a) What "momentous decision" was made by Frost in 1912?
b) How old was he when took that decision?
c) Why was it so difficult to take that decision? Think and give more than one reason.
d) Was the "road" taken by Frost an easy one "to travel"?
e) Do you think he wrote "The Road Not Taken" before sailing from the USA to
England or after? Can you quote a line or two from the poem that can support your
answer?
f) Do you think Frost finally became popular in America as a poet?
Read the following extracts and answer the question that follow by choosing
the .correct options.
'While you were upstairs, I have been thinking a lot about your Papa and Mamma.
(a) What is the discrepancy between what Gaston said earlier and what he says now?
(i) Earlier he did not want Juliette's parents to stay with them but now he is
showing concern for them.
(ii) Earlier he wanted Juliette's parents to stay with them but now he does not want
them to come over.
(iii) Earlier he wanted to buy a house for them but how he wants them to come and
stay in their villa.
(iv) Earlier he stayed in Juliette's parents' villa but now he wants them to stay with
him and Juliette.
(b) What does the above statement reveal about Gaston's character?
(i) he is selfish.
(ii) he is an opportunist.
(iii) he is a caring person.
(iv) he is a hypocrite.
Complete the following news item by choosing the correct word from the options given below.
(a) (i) has celebrated
(ii) was celebrating
(iii) celebrated
(iv) was celebrated
(ii) was
(iii) was being
(iv) has been
(ii) had inaugurated
(iii) inaugurated
(iv) inaugurating
(ii) planted
(iii) were planting
(iv) had planted
(ii) had been urging
(iii) urged
(iv) urging
(ii) was presented
(iii) were presenting
(iv) had presented
Fill in the blanks :
1. The next generation is not likely to see the tiger because of _________________________
2. ________________ laws against poachers must be enforced.
3. The responsibility of protection of the tiger lies with the ___________________
4. One of the reasons for Tiger becoming extinct is _______________
5. Destroying nature means ________________
6. ___________________ , ________________ ,and _______________ are different types of tigers.
7. ______________ is a wild life conservation project.
8. Tigers are found in the evergreen and monsoon forests of the ______________
9. Though tigers are mostly nocturnal, __________ species may also be active during the day.
10. The body length of the tiger is _______________ cm.
Complete the following passage by choosing the correct option. The first one has been done as an example:
Martin Cooper, (a) _______ a Motorola researcher and executive, is widely (b) _______ to be the inventor (c)_______ the first mobile phone in 1973. There are (d) _______ categories of mobile phones (e)_______ from basic phones and feature phones (f)______ as music phones, camera phones to smart phones. The (g)_________commonly used data application on mobile phones (h)______ text messaging. Mobile phones generally (i)_______power from batteries which (j)_______ be recharged. The use of cellphones (k)_________ while driving as a safety measure.
| (a) (i) an (ii) the (iii) a (iv) X |
(b) (i) consider (ii) considered (iii) considering (iv) have considered |
(c) (i) for (ii) of (iii) as (iv) off |
(d) (i) many (ii) few (iii) much (iv) more |
| (e) (i) are ranging (ii) ranging (iii) range (iv) ranges |
(f) (i) some (ii) like (iii) such (iv) similar |
(g) (i) much (ii) more (iii) most (iv) many |
(h) (i) is (ii) are (iii) has been (iv) being |
| (i) (i) obtain (ii) is obtaining (iii) obtaining (iv) obtained |
(j) (i) would (ii) can (iii) may (iv) should |
(k) (i) ban (ii) was banned (iii) banning (iv) is banned |
Look at the following pair of sentences. Underline the modals and discuss why each one is used in that sentence.
e.g.
I must not take those pills. (I’m not allowed.)
I need not take those pills. (It is not compulsory but I may if I wish.)
(b) I needn’t go to the meeting if I don’t wish to.
2. (a) I can swim a length of the pool.
(b) I can swim in the pool on Saturdays.
3. (a) You ought to get a nice present for her.
(b) You have to get a nice present for her.
4. (a) Can I go to the toilet?
(b) May I be excused?
5. (a) I may come tomorrow if I have the time.
(b) I might come tomorrow but it’s going to be difficult.
Did you know?
Modals are a small group of verbs that are used to express possibility,
probability, capability, capacity, ability, obligation and predictions.
Some of the modals you learnt in this unit are
can
may
shall
could
might
should
Need, dare, had better are also modals.
Understanding Modals:
Modal Auxiliaries
A modal verb or auxiliary verb is a verb, which modifies another verb, so that
the modified verb has more intention in its expression. In essence the modal
verb expresses modality, the way in which something is being said.
The main modals are
Can: could; may: might; shall: should; will: would: must; ought to; need to;
have to.
The negative modals are
Couldn't; wouldn't; shouldn't; mustn't; needn't; oughtn't/ ought not to
| Modal | Examples | Uses |
| Can/ can't |
She can read and write It can rain today Can I borrow your pen? Can you lend me your notes? Can I carry your books? |
ability possibility /probability seeking permission request offer |
| Could/ couldn't |
Could I borrow your book? Could you please help me with this sum? We could go for a picnic on Sunday I think you could come first this time There was a time when I could work round the clock. |
seeking permission request suggestion possibility/ probability past ability |
| May |
May I have some water? May I help you? May I shut the door? India may become a super power by 2020. May God bless you |
request offer permission possibility/ probability wish/ desire |
| Might | They might sell their house as they need the money. | future possibility/ probability |
| Will /Won't |
It is very cold so I will stay at home. I will help you if you wish. Will you look after my dog for a day? It will rain tonight. I will get you a shawl from Srinagar. |
intention offer request prediction promise |
| Would/Wouldn't |
Would you mind if I come over tonight? Would five o'clock suit you? Yes it would. Would you pass the salt? Would you come to my party? Would you prefer tea or coffee? |
permission making arrangements request invitation preference
|
| Shall |
Shall I help you? Shall we meet at 3.00 pm outside Bakshi Stadium? |
offer making arrangements |
| Should |
We should check the timings of the train. You should listen to the advice of your elders. |
recommended action advice |
| Ought to |
You ought to do your duty. The bus ought to be here any minute |
advice probability |
| Must/mustn't |
We must make a move now. You mustn't tell lies. |
obligation necessity |
| Need |
He need not go to the market. You need to lose weight. I need to get the groceries. |
necessity compulsion insistence |
Here are a police constable's notes or his investigation or the murder at Manor House. After reading the notes, discuss where the murder could have taken place. What was the motive behind the evil act? How was the act committed?
| Murder at Manor House Birlstone : January 6th Manor House - state of wild confusion and alarm - white faced servants - frightened butler - man horribly injured- terrible marks - we have no clues yet |
Maintaining a Point of view
(a) Read the following passage. Underline the verbs in the active voice and put circles around verbs in the passive voice. The first two have been completed.
Dr. Godbole arrived at the station at 6.30 pm and (was met) by Professor Salisbury of the Institute of Environmental Studies. After being driven to the Conference Centre for a brief meeting, the Indian forestry expert was taken to his hotel. The following morning, he presented his paper entitled “Save the trees — Save the world” which was greeted with prolonged applause. After his brief visit, Dr. Godbole is reported to have said he was very pleased with its outcome.
(b) From whose perspective or point of view is this description given? How does the use of the passive voice help maintain this?
Imagine you are a famous person. Write a brief report (maximum 80 words) of a day in your life. Use the passive voice where you think it is appropriate. An example of how you might start is given below.
I woke up at 7 am and was given tea. It was a lovely cool morning so I decided to walk to the film studio. Normally I am driven____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Given below is a list or other expressions. Decide what each expression means, by writing D for 'difference' or S for 'similarity' against each. Try to add more expressions to your list and make use of them in writing your article in Question 6.
| Expressions | D or s |
| X is different from Y in that _______ | |
| X and Y are alike in that ______ | |
| X and Y have _____ in common. | |
| Whereas X _________ , Y _____________ | |
| Compared to X, Y ________ | |
| X ____ In contrast, Y ____ | |
| X _____ However, Y _____ | |
| X and Y both |
Reported speech in Extended practice.
Read the dialogue between Mr Coomer (Mr C), the British Scholarship Officer, and an applicant, Miss Reena Banerjee (R).
Mr C : Come in, Miss Banerjee.
R : Thank you.
Mr C : Please sit down. Can I get you a cup of coffee or a cold drink?
R : Yes thank you. A cold drink, please.
Mr C : I’m just going to ask you a few questions. How long have you been studying English?
R : I’ve had private as well as school lessons for 14 years.
Mr C : Just as background information, what do you do in your spare time?
R : I’ve always enjoyed drama, and also debating.
Mr C : Why do you wish to obtain a scholarship to study in Britain?
R : Well, I’m interested in studying Immigration Law, and there are several good colleges in Britain dealing with his.
Mr C : Very interesting. Finally, do you know that the grant only covers teaching fees?
What about your living expenses?
R : My sister will pay for my personal expenses.
Mr C : Well, Miss Banerjee, we’ll be writing to you next week. Thank you for coming.
Reena meets her friend, Latha, after the interview. She is very excited and tells Latha exactly what happened. Fill in the spaces using reported speech.
Fill in the [boxes] with reporting verbs.
Look at the pictures of people talking to each other. With your partners, discuss what they are telling each other. Share your ideas with the class.
Read the following dialogue
Raghu : I think one of my snakes has escaped.
Sheela : Isn’t it dangerous? You really must stop collecting snakes, Raghu.
Raghu : But I like snakes – they are unusual pets.
Sheela : But I think it’s a dangerous thing to keep such pets.
Raghu : No, they’re not dangerous; they are really… .er… .quite friendly.
Sheela : Huh, snakes require a great deal of careful handling and are still a risk.
Raghu : i don’t mind. What matters is that I like them.
Sheela : Well, quite frankly, I hate them. They are awfully frightening to look at.
Raghu : Look, I am very careful and I handle them very gently. In fact, I don’t have many.
Sheela : Have you ever been bitten?
Raghu : Well, it’s true I’ve been bitten once or twice, but…
You are a friend who has overheard this conversation between Raghu and Sheela. Write to your sister reporting it. Give the conversation an interesting, unexpected or humorous ending. (The first part has been done for you.)
Janpath
5 January 2016
Dear Varsha
As you’re very interested in Raghu and his snakes, I thought I’d tell you about a conversation I heard between him and Sheela.
He told her he thought one of his snakes had escaped and, as usual, she told him to stop collecting them because they were dangerous. (Typical of Sheela, don’t you think?)
Pronouns
Direct speech indirect speech
| masculine | feminine | plural | |
| i | he | she | they |
| you | he | she | they |
| you | him | her | them |
| your | his | her | their |
| me | him | her | them |
| my | his | her | their |
| myself | himself | herself | themselves |
| we | they | ||
| use | them, their |
WORDS DENOTING TIME AND POSITION
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, certain words denoting nearness of
time and place are changed into words denoting distance.
It is treated necessary to change the words denoting nearness to words denoting
distance because, when we report the words of a person to somebody, the place
and time of the reporting is changed.
So the reported speech must be in line with the modified time and place.
| DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| now | then |
| ago | before |
| last night |
the previous night the night before |
| next day |
the following day the day after |
| today | the day |
| tonight | that night |
| yesterday |
the previous day the day before |
| tomorrow |
the next day the following day the day after |
| day before yesterday | the day before the previous day or two days before |
| day after tomorrow | the day after the next day ot in two days |
| week | the following week |
| now | then |
| here | there |
Look at the notes given below and complete the paragraph that follows by choosing the correct option from the choices given.
Kamala Das alias Kamala Suraiyya - famous Indian writer - published auto
biography - My story - translated - foreign languages.
Kamala Das also (a)_______________ is (b)_______________She (c)_____________ ‘My Story’ when she was 42 years old. Her autobiography (d)________________ into many foreign languages.
| (a) (i) called as Kamala Suraiyya (ii) known by Kamala Suraiyya (iii) known as Kamala Suraiyya (iv) said as Kamala Suraiyya |
(b) (i) famous Indian writer (ii) a famous Indian writer (iii) the famous Indian writer (iv) famous as an Indian writer |
| (c) (i) published her autobiography titled (ii) published an autobiography titled (iii) published an autobiography as (iv) published an autobiography as |
(d) (i) is being translated (ii) will be translated (iii) have been translated (iv) has been translated |
Each student will now complete his/her half of the following table (Hockey or Football), by adding information from the text each has read.
| Hockey | Football | |
| Ball : | ||
| Playing Area: | ||
| Duration : | ||
| Judging : | ||
| Penalties : | ||
| Penalty Area : | ||
| Cards : |
Prepositions of Location
Picture Dictation
Work in pairs - Student A and Student B. Student A only (picture given below) - . Keep the picture secret from Student B. Describe exactly what you see to Student B, who must draw the picture from the information given. At the end, compare the two pictures. Draw your picture in the box below.
e.g.
In the middle there’s a small house. Behind the house there are two hills. Several birds are flying over the house…
