Topics
Number Systems
Algebra
Geometry
Trigonometry
Statistics and Probability
Coordinate Geometry
Mensuration
Internal Assessment
Real Numbers
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Linear Equation in Two Variables
- Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of Linear Equations
- Substitution Method
- Elimination Method
- Cross - Multiplication Method
- Equations Reducible to a Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Consistency of Pair of Linear Equations
- Inconsistency of Pair of Linear Equations
- Algebraic Conditions for Number of Solutions
- Simple Situational Problems
- Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Relation Between Co-efficient
Arithmetic Progressions
Quadratic Equations
- Quadratic Equations
- Solutions of Quadratic Equations by Factorization
- Solutions of Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
- Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
- Relationship Between Discriminant and Nature of Roots
- Situational Problems Based on Quadratic Equations Related to Day to Day Activities to Be Incorporated
- Application of Quadratic Equation
Polynomials
Circles
- Concept of Circle - Centre, Radius, Diameter, Arc, Sector, Chord, Segment, Semicircle, Circumference, Interior and Exterior, Concentric Circles
- Tangent to a Circle
- Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle
- Concept of Circle - Centre, Radius, Diameter, Arc, Sector, Chord, Segment, Semicircle, Circumference, Interior and Exterior, Concentric Circles
Triangles
- Similar Figures
- Similarity of Triangles
- Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales Theorem)
- Criteria for Similarity of Triangles
- Areas of Similar Triangles
- Right-angled Triangles and Pythagoras Property
- Similarity of Triangles
- Application of Pythagoras Theorem in Acute Angle and Obtuse Angle
- Triangles Examples and Solutions
- Angle Bisector
- Similarity of Triangles
- Ratio of Sides of Triangle
Constructions
Heights and Distances
Trigonometric Identities
Introduction to Trigonometry
Probability
Statistics
Lines (In Two-dimensions)
Areas Related to Circles
Surface Areas and Volumes
- Concept of Surface Area, Volume, and Capacity
- Surface Area of a Combination of Solids
- Volume of a Combination of Solids
- Conversion of Solid from One Shape to Another
- Frustum of a Cone
- Concept of Surface Area, Volume, and Capacity
- Surface Area and Volume of Different Combination of Solid Figures
- Surface Area and Volume of Three Dimensional Figures
notes
You may recall that an equation is called an identity when it is true for all values of the variables involved. Similarly, an equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle is called a trigonometric identity, if it is true for all values of the angle(s) involved.
In ∆ ABC, right-angled at B, we have;
`"AB"^2 + "BC"^2 = "AC"^2` (1)
Dividing each term of (1) by `"AC"^2`, we get
`"AB"^2/"AC"^2` +`"BC"^2/"AC"^2`= `"AC"^2/"AC"^2`
`("AB"/"AC")^2 + ("BC"/"AC")^2= ("AC"/"AC")^2`
`(cos A)^2 + (sin A)^2 = 1`
`cos^2 A + sin^2 A = 1` (2)
(i) `cos^2 A = 1- sin^2 A`
(ii) `sin^2 A = 1-cos^2 A`
This is true for all A such that 0° ≤ A ≤ 90°. So, this is a trigonometric identity.
Let us now divide (1) by `"AB"^2`. We get
`"AB"^2/"AB"^2 + "BC"^2/"AB"^2= "AC"^2/"AB"^2`
`("AB"/"AB")^2 + ("BC"/"AB")^2= ("AC"/"AB")^2`
`1+tan^2A= sec^2A` (3)
(i) `tan^2A= sec^2A-1`
(ii)`sec^2A- tan^2A= 1`
This is true for all A such that 0° ≤ A < 90°.
Let us see what we get on dividing (1) by `"BC"^2`. We get,
`"AB"^2/"BC"^2 +"BC"^2/"BC"^2= "AC"^2/"BC"^2`
`("AB"/"BC")^2 + ("BC"/"BC")^2= ("AC"/"BC")^2`
`cot^2A+1= cosec^2A` (4)
(i)`cot^2 A= cosec^2 A- 1`
(ii)`cosec^2 A- cot^2 A= 1`
Example 1 : Express the ratios cos A, tan A and sec A in terms of sin A.
Solution : Since `cos^2 A + sin^2 A = 1,` therefore,
`cos^2 A = 1 – sin^2 A`, i.e., `cos A = +or- sqrt(1-sin^2A)`
This gives `cos A = sqrt(1-sin^2A)`
Hence, `tanA= "sinA"/"cosA"= "sinA"/sqrt(1-sin^2A)` and
`sec A= 1/"cosA"= 1/sqrt(1-sin^2A)`
