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CBSEEnglish Medium Class 10
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Syllabus

Overview of Manufacturing Industries

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Topics

  • History (India and the Contemporary World-II)
  • India and the Contemporary World-I
  • Power Sharing
    • Concept for Power Shared in Democracies
    • Concept for Federal Division of Power in India Helped National Unity
    • Concept for Decentralisation - to What Extent Has Decentralisation Achieved this Objective
    • Democracy Accommodate Different Social Groups
  • Resources and Development
  • Development
    • Concept for Traditional Notion of Development
    • Concept for National Income and Percapita Income
    • Concept of Growth of National Income
    • Critical Appraisal of Existing Development Indicators (PCI, IMR, SR and Other Income and Health Indicators)
    • Need for Health and Educational Development
    • Human Development Indicators (Holistic Measure of Development)
  • Events and Processes
    • Growth of Nationalism in Europe After the 1830s.
    • Ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini
    • Characteristics of the Movements in Poland, Hungary,Italy, Germany and Greece
    • Factors Leading to Growth of Nationalism in Indo-china
    • French Colonialism in Indo-china
    • Phases of Struggle Against the French
    • The Ideas of Phan Chu Trinh
    • The Ideas Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh
    • Second World War and the Liberation Struggle.
    • America and the Vietnam War
    • Impact of First World War, Khilafat, Non- Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Salt Satyagraha
    • Movements of Peasants, Workers, Tribals.
  • Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
    • History of Print in Europe.
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • Relationship Between Print Culture, Public Debate and Politics
    • Emergence of the Novel as a Genre in the West
    • Relationship Between the Novel and Changes in Modern Society
    • Early Novels in Nineteenth Century India
    • Study of Two Or Three Major Writers
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Introduction to the Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
    • The Making of Nationalism in Europe
    • The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
    • Liberal Nationalism stood for
    • A New Conservatism After 1815
    • The Revolutionaries
    • The Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1848
    • The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
    • Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
    • 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals
    • Liberty and Equality for Women
    • The Making of Germany and Italy
    • Italy Unified
    • The Strange Case of Britain
    • Visualising the Nation
    • Nationalism and Imperialism
    • Overview of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Nineteenth Century Global Economy, Colonialism
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Proto-industrialization and Pace of Industrial Change
    • Life of Workers
    • Industrialization in the Colonies
    • Early Entrepreneurs and Workers
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Market for Goods
    • Development of Modern Cities Due to Industrialization in London and Bombay
    • Housing and Land Reclamation
    • Social Changes in the Cities
    • Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
  • Nationalism in India
    • Introduction to Nationalism in India
    • The First World War, Khilafat and Non-cooperation
    • The Idea of Satyagraha
    • The Rowlatt Act
    • Need for Non-Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Movement in the Towns
    • Rebellion in the Countryside
    • Swaraj in the Plantations
    • Towards Civil Disobedience
    • The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • How Participants Saw the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Quit India Movement and Conclusion
    • Overview of Nationalism in India
  • The Making of a Global World
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Silk Routes Link the World
    • Food Travels: Spaghetti and Potato
    • Conquest, Disease and Trade
    • The Nineteenth Century (1815 - 1914)
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Role of Technology
    • Late Nineteenth-century Colonialism
    • Rinderpest, Or the Cattle Plague
    • Indentured Labour Migration from India
    • Indian Entrepreneurs Abroad
    • Indian Trade, Colonialism and the Global System
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • Wartime Transformations
    • Post-war Recovery
    • Rise of Mass Production and Consumption
    • The Great Depression
    • India and the Great Depression
    • Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era
    • Post-war Settlement and the Bretton Woods Institutions
    • The Early Post-war Years
    • Decolonisation and Independence
    • End of Bretton Woods and the Beginning of ‘Globalisation’
    • Overview of The Making of a Global World
  • The Age of Industrialisation
    • Introduction to the Age of Industrialisation
    • Before the Industrial Revolution
    • The Coming Up of the Factory
    • The Pace of Industrial Change
    • Hand Labour and Steam Power
    • Life of the Workers
    • Industrialisation in the Colonies
    • The Age of Indian Textiles
    • Condition of Weavers under British Rule
    • Manchester Comes to India
    • Factories Come up
    • The Early Entrepreneurs
    • Sources of Industrial Labour
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Small-scale Industries Predominate
    • Market for Goods
    • Overview of The Age of Industrialisation
  • Print Culture and the Modern World
    • Introduction to Print Culture and the Modern World
    • The First Printed Books
    • Print Comes to Europe
    • Gutenberg and the Printing Press
    • The Print Revolution and Its Impact
    • A New Reading Public
    • Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
    • Print and Dissent
    • The Reading Mania
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • India and the World of Print
    • Religious Reform and Public Debates
    • New Forms of Publication
    • Women and Print
    • Print and the Poor People
    • Print and Censorship
    • Overview of Print Culture and the Modern World
  • Federalism
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Historical Change in Economic Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Concept for Employment Generation
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Protective Measures for Unorganised Sector Workers
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Concept of Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Flora and Fauna in India
    • Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
  • Resources and Development
    • Resources: Meaning and Classification
    • Development of Resources
    • Resource Planning
    • Land Resources
    • Land Utilisation
    • Land Use Pattern in India
    • Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
    • Soil as a Resource
    • Classification of Soils
    • Overview of Resources and Development
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
  • Water Resources
  • Agriculture
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Minerals
    • Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
    • Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Metallic Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Energy Resources
    • Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
    • Overview of Minerals and Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
  • Lifelines of National Economy
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • Divisions Inherent to the Working of Democracy
    • Effect of Caste on Politics and of Politics on Caste
    • Gender Division Shaped Politics
    • Communal Divisions Affect Democracy
  • Political Science (Democratic Politics-II)
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • A Story from Mexico Olympics
    • Differences, Similarities, Divisions
    • Politics of Social Divisions
  • Money and Credit
    • Role of Money in an Economy
    • Formal and Informal Financial Institutions for Savings and Credit
    • Formal Institution - Nationalized Commercial Bank
    • Informal Institutions - Local Money Lenders, Landlords, Self Help Groups, Chit Funds and Private Finance Companies
  • Water Resources
  • Democratic Politics 2
  • Power-sharing
    • Belgium and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study of Ethnic Diversity
    • Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
    • Accommodation in Belgium
    • Importance of Power Sharing
    • Forms of Power-sharing
    • Overview of Power-Sharing
  • Federalism
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Political Parties
    • Role of Political Parties in a Democracy
    • Number of Political Parties
    • Popular Participation in Political Parties
    • National Parties
    • State Parties
    • Challenges to Political Parties
    • Reforms in Political Parties
    • Overview of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Assessment of Democracy’s Outcomes
    • Accountable, Responsive and Legitimate Government
    • Economic Growth and Development
    • Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
    • Accommodation of Social Diversity
    • Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
    • Overview of Outcomes of Democracy
  • Understanding Economic Development
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
    • Production Across Countries
    • Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
    • Impact and Fair Globalization
  • Agriculture
    • Types of Farming
    • Concept for Major Crops
    • Concept for Crop Pattern
    • Technological and Institutional Reforms for Agriculture
    • Contribution of Agriculture to National Economy-employment and Output
  • Economics (Understanding Economic Development)
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Development
    • Concept of Development
    • What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
    • Income and Other Goals
    • National Development
    • Comparison Between Different Countries Or States
    • Income and Other Criteria
    • Public Facilities
    • Sustainability of Development
    • Overview of Development
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Comparing the Three Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Sectors in Terms of Ownership: Public and Private Sectors
    • Overview of Sectors of the Indian Economy
  • Money and Credit
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
  • Consumer Rights
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Concept of Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Consumer Rights
    • Consumer is Exploitation
    • Factors Causing Exploitation of Consumers
    • Rise of Consumer Awareness
    • How a Consumer Should Be in a Market
    • Role of Government in Consumer Protection
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Classification of Minerals
    • Distribution of Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Use and Economic Importance of Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Types of Power Resources - Conventional Sources
    • Types of Power Resources - Non-conventional Sources
    • Distribution and Utilization and Conservation of Power Resources
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
  • Data Filling
    • Data Filling
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Popular Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia
    • Movement for Democracy in Nepal
    • Bolivia’s Water War
    • Democracy and Popular Struggles
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Manufacturing Industries
    • Types of Manufacturing Industries
    • Concept of Spatial Distribution
    • Contribution of Industry to National Economy
    • Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
    • Measures to Control Degradation
  • Political Parties
    • Role Do Political Parties Play in Competition and Contestation
    • Major National and Regional Parties in India/ Types of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Democracy Be Judged and Outcomes
    • Concept for Outcomes Reasonably Expect of Democracies
    • Democracy in India and Expectations
    • Concep for Democracy Led to Development, Security and Dignity for the People
    • Sustains Democracy in India
  • Life Lines of National Economy
    • Importance of Means of Communication and Transportation
    • Concept for Trade and Tourism
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Thinking About Challenges
    • Different Contexts, Different Challenges
    • Different Types of Challenges
    • Political Reforms
    • Redefining Democracy
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Idea of Democracy Shrinking
    • Major Challenges to Democracy in India
    • Concept for Democracy Be Reformed and Deepened
    • Concept for Role Ordinary Citizen Play in Deepening Democracy
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Concept of Manufacturing

  • Manufacturing means producing goods in large quantities by processing raw materials into finished products.
  • Manufacturing industries belong to the secondary sector and employ people in factories like the steel, textile, and automobile industries.
  • The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of its manufacturing sector.
  • Manufacturing reduces unemployment and poverty, modernises agriculture, and helps reduce regional inequalities.
  • Export of manufactured goods earns foreign exchange, and global competition requires industries to be efficient and high in quality.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Agro-based Industries

  • Agro-based industries depend on farm products like cotton, jute, and sugarcane.
  • The textile industry is important for jobs, exports, and industrial growth.
  • The first cotton textile mill was set up in Mumbai in 1854.
  • Cotton textiles developed in Maharashtra and Gujarat due to raw cotton and ports.
  • Spinning is centralised, while weaving is decentralised through handlooms and powerlooms.
  • The jute industry is mainly located in West Bengal along the Hugli River.
  • India is the second largest producer of sugar, with many mills in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Mineral-based Industries

  • Mineral-based industries use minerals and metals as raw materials.
  • The iron and steel industry is a basic industry supporting all others.
  • Steel production shows a country’s level of development.
  • Iron and steel plants are concentrated in the Chhotanagpur Plateau region.
  • Aluminium smelting uses bauxite and needs cheap raw materials and electricity.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Chemical Industries

  • The chemical industry in India is fast-growing and diverse.
  • It includes inorganic chemicals like sulphuric acid and soda ash.
  • Organic chemicals include petrochemicals used for plastics and medicines.
  • Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries.
  • The chemical industry is its own biggest consumer.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Fertilizer Industry

  • The fertilizer industry produces nitrogenous (urea), phosphatic, and complex fertilizers (NPK).
  • Potash (K) is completely imported as India has no usable reserves.
  • The industry expanded rapidly after the Green Revolution.
  • Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala produce about half of India’s fertilizers.
  • Other producing states include Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, and West Bengal.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Cement Industry

  • The cement industry is essential for the construction of houses, roads, bridges, dams, and factories.
  • It uses bulky raw materials like limestone, silica, and gypsum.
  • Coal, electricity, and rail transport are important for cement production.
  • Cement plants in Gujarat are well located for export to Gulf countries.
  • The first cement plant in India was set up in Chennai in 1904, and the industry expanded after Independence.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Automobile Industry

  • The automobile industry provides vehicles for the fast transport of goods and passengers.
  • India manufactures trucks, buses, cars, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and multi-utility vehicles.
  • Liberalisation led to new models and increased demand for vehicles.
  • The industry showed healthy growth, especially in passenger cars and two- and three-wheelers.
  • Major automobile centres include Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Pune, Bengaluru, and Gurugram.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Information Technology and Electronics Industry

  • The electronics industry makes products like computers, mobiles, and telecom equipment.
  • Bengaluru is the electronics capital of India.
  • Major centres include Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Pune.
  • The industry creates large employment opportunities.
  • Growth of hardware and software supports India’s IT industry.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

  • Industries cause air, water, land, and noise pollution.
  • Air pollution comes from harmful gases and smoke from factories and power plants.
  • Water pollution is caused by industrial chemicals and wastes released into rivers.
  • Land pollution happens due to the dumping of industrial waste, which also contaminates groundwater.
  • Noise pollution from machines and construction affects human health.
CBSE: Class 10

Key Points: Control of Environmental Degradation

  • Industrial wastewater should be reused, recycled, and treated before discharge.
  • Effluents are treated by primary, secondary, and tertiary methods.
  • Groundwater overuse by industries must be legally controlled.
  • Air and noise pollution can be reduced using cleaner fuels, filters, and silencers.
  • NTPC follows ISO 14001 to reduce waste, manage ash, and protect the environment.
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