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Equation of a Plane

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Topics

Estimated time: 3 minutes
  • Passing through a point and perpendicular to a vector
  • Passing through a point and parallel to two vectors
  • Passing through three non-collinear points
  • In normal form
  • Passing through the intersection of two planes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Equation of a Plane

Case Vector Form Cartesian Form
1. Normal form (given normal vector) \[\overline{\mathbf{r}}.\hat{\mathbf{n}}=\mathbf{p}\] ax + by + cz + d = 0
2. Through a point (x₁, y₁, z₁) \[\begin{bmatrix} \mathbf{\overline{r}}-\mathbf{\overline{a}} \end{bmatrix}.\mathbf{\overline{n}}=\mathbf{0}\] a(x−x₁) + b(y−y₁) + c(z−z₁) = 0
3. Through point + parallel to two vectors \[\begin{bmatrix} \overline{\mathbf{r}}\overline{\mathbf{b}}\overline{\mathbf{c}} \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} \overline{\mathbf{a}}\overline{\mathbf{b}}\overline{\mathbf{c}} \end{bmatrix}\] \[\begin{vmatrix} x-x_1 & y-y_1 & z-z_1 \\ \mathbf{b}_1 & \mathbf{b}_2 & \mathbf{b}_3 \\ \mathbf{c}_1 & \mathbf{c}_2 & \mathbf{c}_3 \end{vmatrix}=0\]
4. Through three non-collinear points \[(\mathbf{r-a})\cdot[(\mathbf{b-a})\times(\mathbf{c-a})]=0\] \[\begin{vmatrix} x-x_1 & y-y_1 & z-z_1 \\ x_2-x_1 & y_2-y_1 & z_2-z_1 \\ x_3-x_1 & y_3-y_1 & z_3-z_1 \end{vmatrix}=0\]
5. Through the intersection of two planes \[\left(\overline{\mathbf{r}}.\overline{\mathbf{n}}_1-\mathbf{d}_1\right)+\lambda\left(\overline{\mathbf{r}}.\overline{\mathbf{n}}_2-\mathbf{d}_2\right)=0\] (a₁x + b₁y + c₁z + d₁) + λ(a₂x + b₂y + c₂z + d₂) = 0

Equation of a Plane in Intercept form:

\[\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\]

Distance of the Plane from Origin is

\[d=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^{2}}+\frac{1}{b^{2}}+\frac{1}{c^{2}}}}\]

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