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Chapters
1: Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
2: Indian Economy 1950-1990
Unit 2: Economic Reforms since 1991
3: Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal
Unit 3: Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy
4: Human Capital Formation in India
5: Rural Development
6: Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues
▶ 7: Environment and Sustainable Development
Unit 4: Development Experiences of India : a Comparison with Neighbours
8: Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours
![NCERT solutions for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 chapter 7 - Environment and Sustainable Development - Shaalaa.com](/images/economics-indian-economic-development-english-class-12_6:a654e356f641434097869c2416a05abb.jpg "NCERT solutions for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 chapter 7 - Environment and Sustainable Development")
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Solutions for Chapter 7: Environment and Sustainable Development
Below listed, you can find solutions for Chapter 7 of CBSE NCERT for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12.
NCERT solutions for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 7 Environment and Sustainable Development Intext Question [Pages 117 - 126]
Work These Out
Why has water become an economic commodity? Discuss.
Fill in the following table with some common types of diseases and illnesses that are caused due to air, water and noise pollution.
| Air Pollution | Water Pollution | Noise Pollution |
|---|---|---|
| Asthma | Cholera | |
In order to enable the students to appreciate the contribution of environment to economic development, the following game can be introduced. One student may name a product used by any enterprise, and the other student may trace out its roots to nature and earth.
trucks ← steel and rubber
steel ← iron ← mineral ← earth
rubber ← trees ← forests ← earth
books ← paper ← trees ← forest ← earth
cloth ← cotton ← plant ← nature
petrol ← earth
machinery ← iron ← mineral ← earth
|
In order to address two major environmental concerns in India, viz. water and air pollution, the government set up the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1974. This was followed by states establishing their own state-level boards to address all the environmental concerns. They investigate, collect and disseminate information relating to water, air and land pollution, lay down standards for sewage/trade effluent and emissions. These boards provide technical assistance to governments in promoting cleanliness of streams and wells by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country. These boards also carry out and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air pollution and for their prevention, control or abatement. They organise, through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme for the same. The PCBs prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents. They assess the air quality through regulation of industries. In fact, state boards, through their district-level officials, periodically inspect every industry under their jurisdiction to assess the adequacy of treatment measures provided to treat the effluent and gaseous emissions. It also provides background air quality data needed for industrial siting and town planning. The pollution control boards collect, collate and disseminate technical and statistical data relating to water pollution. They monitor the quality of water in 125 rivers (including the tributaries), wells, lakes, creeks, ponds, tanks, drains and canals. |
- Visit a nearby factory/irrigation department and collect the details of measures that they adopt to control water and air pollution.
- You might be seeing advertisements in newspapers, radio and television or billboards in your locality on awareness programmes relating to water and air pollution. Collect a few news clippings, pamphlets and other information and discuss them in the classroom.
Work This Out
You can see a column on the measure of air pollution in any national daily. Cut out the news item a week before Diwali, on the day of Diwali and two days after Diwali. Do you observe a significant difference in the value? Discuss in your class.
In Delhi, buses and other public transport vehicles uses CNG as fuel instead of petrol or diesel; some vehicles use convertible engines; solar energy is being used to light up the streets. What do you think about these changes? Delhi also adopted odd/even scheme to restrict the use of vehicles with registration ending with odd/even numbers on alternative days, for specific period in a year. Organise a debate in class on the need for sustainable development practices in India.
NCERT solutions for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 7 Environment and Sustainable Development Exercise [Pages 129 - 131]
What is meant by environment?
What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?
Classify the following into renewable and non-renewable resources:
- trees
- fish
- petroleum
- coal
- iron-ore
- water
Two major environmental issues facing the world today are _____________ and_____________.
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Rising population
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Air pollution
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Water contamination
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Affluent consumption standards
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Illiteracy
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Industrialization
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Urbanization
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Reduction of forest coverage
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Poaching
How does the following factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem does it pose for the government?
Global warming
What are the functions of the environment?
Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.
Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.
Outline the steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India.
India has abundant natural resources - substantiate the statement.
Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?
Give two instance of :
Overuse of environmental resources
Give two instance of :
Misuse of environmental resources
State any four pressing environmental concerns of India.
Correction for environmental damages involves opportunity costs. Explain.
Explain how the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources account for the current environmental crisis.
Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy-they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards. Is this true?
What is sustainable development?
Keeping in view your locality, describe any four strategies of sustainable development.
Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.
SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Suppose 70 lakh cars are added every year to the roads of metropolitans. Which type of resources do you think are undergoing depletion? Discuss.
Make a list of items that can be recycled.
Prepare a chart on the causes and remedies of soil erosion in India.
How does population explosion contribute to the environmental crisis? Debate in the classroom.
The nation has to pay heavily for correcting environmental damages. Discuss.
A paper factory is to be set up in your village. Arrange a role-play consisting of an activist, an industrialist and a group of villagers.
Solutions for 7: Environment and Sustainable Development
NCERT solutions for Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 chapter 7 - Environment and Sustainable Development
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Concepts covered in Economics Indian Economic Development [English] Class 12 chapter 7 Environment and Sustainable Development are Concept of Human Capital, Sources of Human Capital, Human Capital and Economic Growth, Human Capital and Human Development, State of Human Capital Formation in India, Growth of Education Sector in India, Challenges and Future Prospects in Education, Environment and Sustainable Development in India, State of India’s Environment, Concept of Sustainable Development, Strategies for Sustainable Development, Rural Development in India, Credit and Marketing in Rural Areas, Agricultural Market System, Diversification into Productive Activities, Sustainable Development and Organic Farming, The Nature and Importance of Work in Society, Workers and Employment, Participation of People in Employment, Self-employed and Hired Workers, Employment in Firms, Factories and Offices, Growth and Changing Structure of Employment, Informalisation of Indian Workforce, Concept of Unemployment, Government and Employment Generation, State of India’s Environment, Environment - Definition and Functions, Introduction to Environment and Sustainable Development, Strategies for Sustainable Development, Concept of Sustainable Development, Concept of Human Capital, Sources of Human Capital, Human Capital and Economic Growth, Human Capital and Human Development, State of Human Capital Formation in India, Growth of Education Sector in India, Challenges and Future Prospects in Education, Environment and Sustainable Development in India, State of India’s Environment, Concept of Sustainable Development, Strategies for Sustainable Development, Rural Development in India, Credit and Marketing in Rural Areas, Agricultural Market System, Diversification into Productive Activities, Sustainable Development and Organic Farming, The Nature and Importance of Work in Society, Workers and Employment, Participation of People in Employment, Self-employed and Hired Workers, Employment in Firms, Factories and Offices, Growth and Changing Structure of Employment, Informalisation of Indian Workforce, Concept of Unemployment, Government and Employment Generation.
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