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Explain any two environmental impacts of an ‘oil spill’.
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State the importance of water for all general uses.
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Copy and complete the following table relating to the atomic structure of some elements:
| Element | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Number of protons | Number of Neutrons | Number of Electrons |
| Beryllium | 4 | 9 | |||
| Fluorine | 9 | 10 | |||
| Sodium | 12 | 11 | |||
| Aluminium | 27 | 13 | |||
| Phosphorus | 31 | 15 |
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Select the correct word from the words in option to complete the sentence:
If pressure on the surface of water increases its boiling point ____ and freezing point ____.
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Select the correct word from the words in option to complete the sentence:
Dissolved air in water contains a ____ percentage of oxygen than ordinary air.
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Give a reason for the following:
Efflorescence is minimum during humid conditions.
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Give a reason for the following:
A crusty ‘boiler scale’ is formed in boilers, when hard water is used.
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Name or state the following:
A deliquescent salt of a trivalent metal.
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Differentiate between the following:
Natural water and treated water
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the three isotopes of hydrogen and the two isotopes of chlorine.
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Match the terms in List I with the correct answers in List II.
| List I | List II |
| 1. Solubility in a given solvent decreases with an increase in temperature. | A: Na2SO4.10H2O |
| 2. A white efflorescent crystal | B: NaOH |
| 3. A hygroscopic dehydrating agent | C: Ca(HCO3)2 |
| 4. A deliquescent alkali | D: conc. H2SO4 |
| 5. A substance present in temporary hard water | E: CaSO4 |
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the following atom showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in them:
\[\ce{^12_6C}\]
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the following atom showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in them:
\[\ce{^23_11Na}\]
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the following atom showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in them:
\[\ce{^31_15P}\]
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the following atom showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in them:
\[\ce{^39_19K}\]
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Draw the geometric atomic structure of the following atom showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in them:
\[\ce{^40_20Ca}\]
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Give a reason why elements need to be properly classified.
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How did the early chemists classify elements?
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Why was this basis of classification discarded for future classification of elements?
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