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Question
Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.
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Solution 1
Step 1: Protonation of the alkene to form a carbocation by the electrophilic attack of H3O+.
\[\ce{H2O + H+ -> H3O+}\]
Step 2: Nucleophilic attack of water on carbocation.
Step 3: Deprotonation to form an alcohol.
Solution 2
The acid-catalysed hydration of ethene may be represented as:
The mechanism followed by the above reaction may be depicted as:
Generation of carbocation (Step 1): Protonation of ethene yields a carbocation as,
Nucleophilic attack of water on carbocation (Step 2): The carbocation polarises the lone pair electrons of O of water, and hydration takes place.
Formation of product, regeneration of the proton (Step 3):
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