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Question
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The diagram given below represents the location and structure of an endocrine gland. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
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- Name the endocrine gland shown in the diagram.
- Name the secretion of the gland which regulates basal metabolism.
- Name the mineral element required for the synthesis of the above mentioned hormone.
- Name the disease caused due to undersecretion of the above mentioned hormone in children.
- Name the disease caused due to hypersecretion of the above mentioned hormone.
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Solution
(i) The endocrine gland shown in the diagram is the thyroid gland.
(ii) The hormone that regulates basal metabolism is thyroxine.
(iii) The mineral element required for the synthesis of thyroxine is iodine.
(iv) The disease caused by the under-secretion of thyroxine in children is cretinism.
(v) The disease caused by the hypersecretion of thyroxine is exophthalmic goitre.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Given below is the outline of the human body showing the important glands:
- Name the glands marked 1 to 4.
- Name the hormone secreted by part 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
- Name the endocrine part of the numbered 3.
- Why is the part labelled 1 called the master gland? Which part of the forebrain controls the gland labelled 1?
- Name the gland that secretes the ‘emergency hormone’.
Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.
| Gland | Hormone secreted | Effect on body |
| (1) ______ | (2) ______ | Regulates basal metabolism |
| Pancreas ("beta" cells) | (3) ______ | Controls blood sugar |
| (4) ______ | (5) ______ | Increases heart beat |
| (6) ______ | Thyroid stimulating hormone | (7) ______ |
Write about some functions of adrenal glands.
Some adult women may develop facial hairs. What may be the cause for it?
Name the glucocorticoid used in treatment of allergy and why?
Name the endocrine gland associated with kidneys?
Give an account of secretion of various parts of Adrenal cortex.
List any two effects of adrenaline.
Match the terms given in column A with those in column B.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (a) | Adrenaline | (i) | Hypoglycemia |
| (b) | Adrenal virilism | (ii) | Hyperglycemia |
| (c) | Addison's disease | (iii) | Mental retardation |
| (d) | Acromegaly | (iv) | Eyes are protruded |
| (e) | Cushing's syndrome | (v) | Excessive growth of bones in face |
| (vi) | Emergency hormone | ||
| (vii) | Masculine characters |
