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Question
State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile components
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Solution
Raoult’s law: In a solution, the vapour pressure of a component at a given temperature is equal to the mole fraction of that component in the solution multiplied by the vapour pressure of that component in the pure state.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult's law? Give an example. What is the sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation?
Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure solvent ?
Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol−1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol−1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol−1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr. Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr.
What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
Match the following:
| (i) | Colligative property | (a) | Polysaccharide |
| (ii) | Nicol prism | (b) | Osmotic pressure |
| (iii) | Activation energy | (c) | Aldol condensation |
| (iv) | Starch | (d) | Polarimeter |
| (v) | Acetaldehyde | (e) | Arrhenius equation |
An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid:
On the basis of information given below mark the correct option.
(A) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermolecular interactions of A–A and B–B type are nearly same as A–B type interactions.
(B) In ethanol and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular interactions are stronger than A–B type interactions.
(C) In chloroform and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular interactions are weaker than A–B type interactions.
Using Raoult’s law explain how the total vapour pressure over the solution is related to mole fraction of components in the following solutions.
\[\ce{NaCl(s) and H2O(l)}\]
An azeotropic mixture of two liquids will have a boiling point lower than either of the two liquids when it ______.
