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Question
State Darwin’s theory of evolution.
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Solution
- Darwin’s theory of evolution is better known as theory of natural selection.
- Darwin opined that only the fittest can survive. Those plant and animals which are not fit for survival,die.
- The fitter species reproduce in greater numbers and pass on their genes to the next generations. This process of selection of characteristics which contribute to the fitness for survival was termed as natural selection.
- Darwin’s theory of naturals selection emphasises on the fact that there is always overproduction of individuals in nature. This causes a struggle for existence. Only those organisms that have characters useful for survival are selected and hence they survive. While some organisms that do not have favourable characters, perish. This process takes place for many generations.
- As a result the species which are better adapted for survive are selected. The individuals belonging to this species may be different from the originals ones. But if this changed species shows successful adaption and growth in the given environment then it gets evolved.
- The process of natural selection is not deliberate but is gradual and natural. This process further leads to the development of species.
- Darwin’s theory is widely accepted but it has one drawback. It did not explain how the favourable characters were developed in the fit individuals.
- Darwin’s theory is now universally accepted.
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