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प्रश्न
State Darwin’s theory of evolution.
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उत्तर
- Darwin’s theory of evolution is better known as theory of natural selection.
- Darwin opined that only the fittest can survive. Those plant and animals which are not fit for survival,die.
- The fitter species reproduce in greater numbers and pass on their genes to the next generations. This process of selection of characteristics which contribute to the fitness for survival was termed as natural selection.
- Darwin’s theory of naturals selection emphasises on the fact that there is always overproduction of individuals in nature. This causes a struggle for existence. Only those organisms that have characters useful for survival are selected and hence they survive. While some organisms that do not have favourable characters, perish. This process takes place for many generations.
- As a result the species which are better adapted for survive are selected. The individuals belonging to this species may be different from the originals ones. But if this changed species shows successful adaption and growth in the given environment then it gets evolved.
- The process of natural selection is not deliberate but is gradual and natural. This process further leads to the development of species.
- Darwin’s theory is widely accepted but it has one drawback. It did not explain how the favourable characters were developed in the fit individuals.
- Darwin’s theory is now universally accepted.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain the phenomenon that is well represented by Darwin's finches other than natural selection.
Write short notes based upon the information known to you.
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
Answer each question in ‘One’ sentence only:
Identify which one of the following is a test cross.
Give the scientific name of the organism which is cited as the classical example of "natural selection".
The theory of natural selection for evolution was proposed by ______.
Natural selection is a driving force for evolution-How?
Differences between organisms in a species are described as variations. Which of the following would you describe as a continuous variation?
The more characteristics two species have in common ______
Select the correct statement.
If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then we can predict that
What are homologous structures? Give an example. Is it necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestor?
Who proposed the theory of survival of the fittest?
Nature has a way of causing organisms that inherit advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than the ones that do not. This process is known as ______.
Mention Darwin's observations made on finches during his visit of Galapagos Islands. Write the explanation given by Darwin on his observations.
Industrial melanism was highlighted by ______.
The famous book "The Origin of Species" was written by ______.
Define the following term:
Natural selection
Match the name of the scientist in Column I with the name of the theory in Column II.
| Column (I) | Column (II) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| i. | August Weisman | a. | Theory of origin of species |
| ii. | Hugo de Vries | b. | Theory of chemical evolution |
| iii. | Charles Darwin | c. | Theory of continuity of germplasm |
| iv. | Oparin Haldane | d. | Mutation theory |
Choose the correct option.
