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Question
Factorise:
x3 – 2x2 – x + 2
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Solution
Let p(x) = x3 − 2x2 − x + 2
All the factors of 2 have to be considered. These are ± 1, ± 2.
By trial method,
p(−1) = (−1)3 − 2(−1)2 − (−1) + 2
= −1 − 2 + 1 + 2
= 0
Therefore, (x + 1) is the factor of polynomial p(x).
Let us find the quotient by dividing x3 − 2x2 − x + 2 by x + 1.
By long division,
x2 − 3x + 2
`x + 1) overline(x^3 - 2x^2 - x + 2)`
x3 + x2
− −
`overline( )`
−3x2 − x + 2
−3x2 − 3x
+ +
`overline( )`
2x + 2
2x + 2
− −
`overline( )`
0
`overline( )`
It is known that,
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
∴ x3 − 2x2 − x + 2
= (x + 1) (x2 − 3x + 2) + 0
= (x + 1) [x2 − 2x − x + 2]
= (x + 1) [x (x − 2) − 1 (x − 2)]
= (x + 1) (x − 1) (x − 2)
= (x − 2) (x − 1) (x + 1)
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