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Question
Distinguish between Inductive effect and resonance effect.
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Solution
| Inductive effect | Resonance effect | |
| 1. | The presence of a polar covalent bond is required. | The presence of a conjugated π electron system or species having an atom carrying p orbital attached to multiple bonds is required. |
| 2. | The polarity is induced in adjacent carbon-carbon single (covalent) bonds due to the presence of an influencing group (more electronegative atom than carbon). | The polarity is produced in the molecule by the interaction of conjugated π bonds (or that between π bond and p orbital on the adjacent atom). |
| 3. | Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +I effect and -I effect. | Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +R and -R effect. |
| 4. | The direction of the arrow head denotes the direction of the permanent electron displacement. | The delocalisation of π electrons is denoted by using curved arrows. |
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