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प्रश्न
Distinguish between Inductive effect and resonance effect.
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उत्तर
| Inductive effect | Resonance effect | |
| 1. | The presence of a polar covalent bond is required. | The presence of a conjugated π electron system or species having an atom carrying p orbital attached to multiple bonds is required. |
| 2. | The polarity is induced in adjacent carbon-carbon single (covalent) bonds due to the presence of an influencing group (more electronegative atom than carbon). | The polarity is produced in the molecule by the interaction of conjugated π bonds (or that between π bond and p orbital on the adjacent atom). |
| 3. | Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +I effect and -I effect. | Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +R and -R effect. |
| 4. | The direction of the arrow head denotes the direction of the permanent electron displacement. | The delocalisation of π electrons is denoted by using curved arrows. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Identify the α-carbon in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogens.
\[\ce{CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3}\]
Draw a resonance structure of the following:
Phenol
Draw a resonance structure of the following:
Benzaldehyde
Draw a resonance structure of the following:
Buta-1,3-diene
Distinguish between Electrophile and nucleophile.
Write true or false. Correct the false statement.
Homolytic fission involves the unsymmetrical breaking of a covalent bond.
Write true or false. Correct the false statement.
Heterolytic fission results in the formation of free radicals.
Choose the correct option.
Hyperconjugation involves overlap of ______ orbitals.
Predict the order of reactivity of the following compounds by SNl reaction mechanism.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{(I)}}{C6H5CH(C6H5)Cl}}\]
\[\ce{\underset{\text{(II)}}{C6H5CH2Cl}}\]
\[\ce{\underset{\text{(III)}}{C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Cl}}\]
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about hyperconjugation?
Which of the following is TRUE for homolytic fission?
Identify the reagent used in the following reaction:
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - Br ->[?] CH3 - CH2 - OH}\]
The best reagent for the following conversion is:
Which of the following shows positive resonance (+R) effect?
Which of the following alkyl groups shows maximum positive inductive effect?
The most unstable free radical among the following is:
The overlap of σ-p orbitals is called ____________.
Which of the following is the most unstable carbocation?
IUPAC name of 
is ______.
Which of the following represents a set of nucleophiles?
How many pi bonds and sigma bonds are present in following molecule?
Which of the following statements is not correct?
Identify the α-carbon in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.
\[\ce{CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3}\]
Identify the α-carbons in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.
CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3
Identify the α-carbons in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.
\[\ce{CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3}\]
Identify the α - carbons in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen in each.
\[\ce{CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3}\]
Identify the α - carbon in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.
\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - \overset{\oplus}{C}H -CH2 - CH3}\]
Which of the following groups exhibits a +I effect?
