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Question
Define Osmosis.
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Solution
The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more dilute solution to more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K−1 mol−1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C.
Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.
Which of the following 0.1 M aqueous solutions will exert the highest osmotic pressure?
Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the freezing point by 2°C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol−1)
Calculate the mass of a compound (molar mass = 256 g mol−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol−1).
Define the following term:
Hypotonic solution
Choose the most correct option.
In calculating osmotic pressure the concentration of solute is expressed in _______.
Answer the following in one or two sentences.
A solution concentration is expressed in molarity and not in molality while considering osmotic pressure. Why?
Answer the following.
Explain reverse osmosis.
An aqueous solution of a certain organic compound has a density of 1.063 g mL-1 , osmotic pressure of 12.16 atm at 25 °C and a freezing point of 1.03 °C. What is the molar mass of the compound?
Which of the following statements is applicable for 0.1 M urea solution and 0.1 M sucrose solution?
What are hypertonic solutions?
Explain the osmotic pressure of a solution with the help of a thistle tube.
Explain the phenomenon of osmosis.
Which of the following is a colligative property?
At constant temperature the osmotic pressure of a solution is ____________.
The average osmotic pressure of human blood is 7.8 bar at 37°C. What is the concentration of an aqueous NaCl solution that could be used in the blood stream?
Osmotic pressure of a solution is 0.0821 atm at a temperature of 300 K. The concentration in moles/litre will be:
A solution containing 10 g per dm3 of urea (molar mass 60 g mol−1) is isotonic with 5% solution of non-volatile solute, MB of solute is:
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic pressure of 16.4 atoms is: (R = 0.082 L atom K−1 mol−1)
At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a substance ______.
Which of the following statements is false?
In isotonic solutions:
(i) Solute and solvent both are same.
(ii) Osmotic pressure is same.
(iii) Solute and solvent may or may not be same.
(iv) Solute is always same solvent may be different.
Give an example of a material used for making semipermeable membrane for carrying out reverse osmosis.
Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Saturated solution | (a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution. |
| (ii) Binary solution | (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another. |
| (iii) Isotonic solution | (c) Solution with two components. |
| (iv) Hypotonic solution | (d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| (v) Solid solution | (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another. |
| (vi) Hypertonic solution | (f) A solution in solid phase. |
Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.
How can you remove the hard calcium carbonate layer of the egg without damaging its semiprermiable membrane? Can this egg be inserted into a bottle with a narrow neck without distorting its shape? Explain the process involved.
Osmotic pressure of a solution increases if
Which of the following colligative property can provide molar mass of proteins (or polymers or colloids) with greatest precision?
In Isotonic solution
The following solutions were prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 250 ml of water (P1), 10 g of urea (CH4N2O) in 250 ml of water (P2) and 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 250 ml of water (P3). The right option for the decreasing order of osmotic pressure of these solutions is
Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure measurement.
Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 × 10−2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25°C assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174 g mol−1)
Isotonic solutions are the solutions having the same ______.
Prove that: M2 = `(W_2RT)/(πV)`.
Define reverse osmosis.
Name the four colligative properties that are oftently used for determination of molecular mass.
How will you determine molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure?
