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Question
Consider an economy described by the following functions:- C = 20 + 0.80Y, I = 30, G = 50, TR = 100 (a) Find the equilibrium level of income and the autonomous expenditure multiplier in the model. (b) If government expenditure increases by 30, what is the impact on equilibrium income? (c) If a lump-sum tax of 30 is added to pay for the increase in government purchases, how will equilibrium income change?
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Solution
(a) C = 20 + 0.80 Y `[barC=20]`
I = 30
c = 0.80
G = 50
T = 100
Equilibrium level of income
`Y=1/(1-c)[barC+cT+I+G]`
`=1/(1-0.80)[20+0.80xx100+30+50]`
`=1/0.20xx180=180/20xx100=900`
Expenditure multiplier `=1/(1-c)`
`=1/(1-0.80)=1/0.20=100/220=5`
(b) Increase in government expenditure
ΔG = 30
New equilibrium expenditure
`=1/(1-c)[barC+cT+I+G+DeltaG]`
`=1/(1-0.80)[20+0.80xx100+30+50+30]`
`=1/(1-0.80)[20+80+30+50+30]`
`=1/0.20xx210`
`=210/20xx100=1050`
Equilibrium level of income increases by 150 (1050 − 900)
(c) Tax multiplier `=(-c)/(1-c)`
`(DeltaY)/(DeltaT)=(-c)/(1-c)`
So, `DeltaY=(-c)/(1-c)xxDeltaT`
`=(-0.80)/(1-0.80)xx30`
`=(-0.80)/0.20xx30=-120`
New Equilibrium level of income = Y + ΔY
= 900 + (−120)
= Rs 780
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