Question

Answer the following question with the help of the given points:

Explain Decolonisation in Africa -

1. Causes
2. Bandung Conference
3. Concept of African Unity

Answer 1

Decolonisation is the process by which African countries acquired freedom from European colonial domination. This process primarily occurred after World War II and resulted in the establishment of numerous sovereign nations across the continent.

1. Causes of Decolonisation:
   1. After World War II, European colonial powers like Britain and France became economically and politically weak.
   2. The rise of nationalist movements led by African leaders who demanded independence.
   3. Influence of global ideas such as self-determination and freedom.
   4. Support from international bodies like the United Nations, which opposed colonialism.
   5. Pressure from superpowers like the USA and the USSR, who encouraged decolonisation.
2. Bandung Conference (1955):
   1. It was held in Bandung, Indonesia.
   2. Attended by Asian and African countries to promote cooperation and oppose colonialism.
   3. It encouraged African nations to fight for independence and unity.
   4. It also laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement, promoting neutrality during the Cold War.
3. Concept of African Unity:
   1. The idea of unity among African nations was central to decolonisation.
   2. It aimed to promote cooperation, solidarity, and collective self-reliance among newly independent states.
   3. This idea led to the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
   4. Leaders like Haile Selassie supported this vision.
   5. African unity helped countries resist neocolonialism and work together for development and peace.