Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
A 200 Hz wave with amplitude 1 mm travels on a long string of linear mass density 6 g m−1 kept under a tension of 60 N. (a) Find the average power transmitted across a given point on the string. (b) Find the total energy associated with the wave in a 2⋅0 m long portion of the string.
Advertisements
Solution
Given,
Frequency of the wave, f = 200 Hz
Amplitude, A = 1 mm = 10−3 m
Linear mass density, m = 6 gm−3
Applied tension, T = 60 N
Now,
Let the velocity of the wave be v.
Thus, we have:
\[v = \sqrt{\left( \frac{T}{m} \right)} = \sqrt{\frac{\left( 60 \right)}{\left( 6 \times {10}^{- 3} \right)}}\]
\[ = {10}^2 = 100 m/s\]
(a) Average power is given as
\[P_{average} = 2 \pi^2 m\nu A^2 f^2 \]
\[= 2 \times \left( 3 . 14 \right)^2 \times \left( 6 \times {10}^{- 3} \right) \times 100 \times \left( {10}^{- 3} \right) \times {200}^2 \]
\[ = 473 \times {10}^{- 3} = 0 . 47 W\]
(b) Length of the string = 2 m
Time required to cover this distance:
\[t = \frac{2}{100} = 0 . 02 s\]
\[Energy = Power \times t\]
\[ = 0 . 47 \times 0 . 02\]
\[ = 9 . 4 \times {10}^{- 3} J = 9 . 4 mJ\]
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
(i) For the wave on a string described in Exercise 15.11, do all the points on the string oscillate with the same (a) frequency, (b) phase, (c) amplitude? Explain your answers. (ii) What is the amplitude of a point 0.375 m away from one end?
A metre-long tube open at one end, with a movable piston at the other end, shows resonance with a fixed frequency source (a tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz) when the tube length is 25.5 cm or 79.3 cm. Estimate the speed of sound in air at the temperature of the experiment. The edge effects may be neglected.
A steel rod 100 cm long is clamped at its middle. The fundamental frequency of longitudinal vibrations of the rod is given to be 2.53 kHz. What is the speed of sound in steel?
The radio and TV programmes, telecast at the studio, reach our antenna by wave motion. Is it a mechanical wave or nonmechanical?
Show that the particle speed can never be equal to the wave speed in a sine wave if the amplitude is less than wavelength divided by 2π.
A sine wave is travelling in a medium. The minimum distance between the two particles, always having same speed, is
A sine wave is travelling in a medium. A particular particle has zero displacement at a certain instant. The particle closest to it having zero displacement is at a distance
Two wave pulses travel in opposite directions on a string and approach each other. The shape of one pulse is inverted with respect to the other.
A sonometer wire supports a 4 kg load and vibrates in fundamental mode with a tuning fork of frequency 416. Hz. The length of the wire between the bridges is now doubled. In order to maintain fundamental mode, the load should be changed to
A wave pulse is travelling on a string with a speed \[\nu\] towards the positive X-axis. The shape of the string at t = 0 is given by g(x) = Asin(x/a), where A and a are constants. (a) What are the dimensions of A and a ? (b) Write the equation of the wave for a general time t, if the wave speed is \[\nu\].
A wave propagates on a string in the positive x-direction at a velocity \[\nu\] \[t = t_0\] is given by \[g\left( x, t_0 \right) = A \sin \left( x/a \right)\]. Write the wave equation for a general time t.
A travelling wave is produced on a long horizontal string by vibrating an end up and down sinusoidally. The amplitude of vibration is 1⋅0 and the displacement becomes zero 200 times per second. The linear mass density of the string is 0⋅10 kg m−1 and it is kept under a tension of 90 N. (a) Find the speed and the wavelength of the wave. (b) Assume that the wave moves in the positive x-direction and at t = 0, the end x = 0 is at its positive extreme position. Write the wave equation. (c) Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle at x = 50 cm at time t = 10 ms.
A string of length 40 cm and weighing 10 g is attached to a spring at one end and to a fixed wall at the other end. The spring has a spring constant of 160 N m−1 and is stretched by 1⋅0 cm. If a wave pulse is produced on the string near the wall, how much time will it take to reach the spring?
A wire of length 2⋅00 m is stretched to a tension of 160 N. If the fundamental frequency of vibration is 100 Hz, find its linear mass density.
Figure shows an aluminium wire of length 60 cm joined to a steel wire of length 80 cm and stretched between two fixed supports. The tension produced is 40 N. The cross-sectional area of the steel wire is 1⋅0 mm2 and that of the aluminium wire is 3⋅0 mm2. What could be the minimum frequency of a tuning fork which can produce standing waves in the system with the joint as a node? The density of aluminium is 2⋅6 g cm−3 and that of steel is 7⋅8 g cm−3.
The equation for the vibration of a string, fixed at both ends vibrating in its third harmonic, is given by
\[y = \left( 0 \cdot 4 cm \right) \sin\left[ \left( 0 \cdot 314 {cm}^{- 1} \right) x \right] \cos \left[ \left( 600\pi s^{- 1} \right) t \right]\]
(a) What is the frequency of vibration? (b) What are the positions of the nodes? (c) What is the length of the string? (d) What is the wavelength and the speed of two travelling waves that can interfere to give this vibration?
A man standing unsymmetrical position between two mountains and fires a gun. He hears the first echo after 1.5 s and the second echo after 2.5 s. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, then the distance between the mountains will be ______
At what temperatures (in °C) will the speed of sound in air be 3 times its value at O°C?
If c is r.m.s. speed of molecules in a gas and v is the speed of sound waves in the gas, show that c/v is constant and independent of temperature for all diatomic gases.
The amplitude of wave disturbance propagating in the positive x-direction given is by `1/(1 + x)^2` at time t = 0 and `1/(1 + (x - 2)^2)` at t = 1 s, where x and y are in 2 metres. The shape of wave does not change during the propagation. The velocity of the wave will be ______ m/s.
