Frank solutions for केमिस्ट्री पार्ट २ [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १० आयएससी chapter 2 - Chemical Bonding [Latest edition]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below 
Condition favorable for formation of a electrovalent bond is

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Which one is not the characteristic of the electrovalent or ionic compound

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Condition favorable for formation of a covalent bond is

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Which one is coordinate molecule?

Choose the correct answer from the options given below 
Which one is not example of polar covalent compound?

Among the following compounds identify the compound that has all three bonds (ionic, covalent and coordinate bond).

Which of the following is not a typical property of an ionic compound?

Assertion (A): Molecular nitrogen is less reactive than molecular oxygen.

Reason (R): In molecular nitrogen two nitrogen atoms are joined by double bonds.

Assertion (A): NaCl is a good conductor of electricity in solid state.

Reason (R): In the solid-state Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions are free.

Assertion (A): HF is more polar than HCl.

Reason (R): More the electronegativity difference between two atoms, the more is the polar nature.

Assertion (A): Covalency of chlorine is 1.

Reason (R): Covalency is equal to the number of electrons contributed by an atom.

Fill in the blanks.
The electrovalent bond or ionic bond is called as _____ bond

Fill in the blanks
When ionic compound are dissolved in water their constituent ions get separated, this phenomenon is called _______ or ________

Fill in the blank
__________ compounds generally are soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents

Fill in the blank
Coordinate bond is also called __________bond.

Fill in the blank
Coordinate bond is also called __________bond.

Fill in the blank.
___________ single covalent bonds are formed between the carbon and chlorine atoms.

Name one:

Covalent solid having high melting point.

Name one:

Molecule with polar covalent bond

Name one:

Molecule with two lone pair of electrons.

Name one:

Molecule having electrovalent, covalent and co-ordinate bond.

Give examples for the following:
Ionic chlorides of two different divalent metals.

Give examples for the following:
Two solid covalent compounds.

Give examples for the following:
Two liquid non polar compounds.

Give examples for the following:
Two gaseous polar compounds.

Give examples for the following:
Two gaseous non polar compounds.

Define
an electrovalent compound

Define
a covalent compound.

In term of electron transfer, define Oxidation

In term of electron transfer, define

Reduction

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is High ?

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is low ?

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is zero?

Separate the following compounds into three categories - ionic, polar and covalent compounds; N₂, NH₄Cl, NH₃, NO, NH₄NO₃, NCl₃.

Compare the properties of covalent and electrovalent compounds on the following point:

Nature

Compare the properties of covalent and electrovalent compounds on the following point:

Electrical conductivity

Classify the following as polar and non-polar covalent molecules:

1. HCl
2. H₂O
3. CCl₄
4. O₂

Draw electron dot structure of the following:
MgCl₂

Draw electron dot structures of the following
CaO    

Draw electron dot structure of the following:
NaCl

Draw the orbit structure of the following:
N₂

Draw the orbit structure of the following:
Cl₂

Draw the orbit structure of the following:
H₂

Explain the following:
Covalent compounds are generally gases or liquids or soft solids.

Explain the following:
Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.

Explain the following:
Non-polar covalent compounds are insoluble in water.

Explain the following:
Polar covalent compounds are good conductors of electricity.

Explain the following:

Sodium chloride dissolves in water but carbon tetrachloride is insoluble in water.

Explain the following briefly:
Helium does not form He₂  molecule

Explain the following briefly.
Pure water does not conduct electricity, but on adding sodium chloride to it, it starts conducting electricity.

Explain the following briefly:
Cl₂ is a non polar molecule, while HCl is a polar molecule.

Explain the following briefly:
Metals are electropositive.

Elements X and Y have the following configurations:
X (2, 8, 7),    Y (2, 8, 8, 2)
Answer the following questions:
(a) What will be the nature of bond between X and Y?
(b) Draw the diagram to show the bond formation between X and Y?
(c) Sate three main properties of this compound.

What is meant by a chemical bond?

What is meant by the term chemical bonding?

Why do atoms combine?

What are the conditions for the formation of an electrovalent bond?

State differences between the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.

Taking hydrogen chloride and methane as examples, distinguish between a polar covalent bond and a non polar covalent bond.

Define a coordinate bond.

Give the conditions for coordinate bond formation.

What do you understand by lone pair?

What do you understand by a shared pair?

Explain the structure of Hydronium ion.

Explain the structure of Ammonium ion.

How many atoms of each kind are present in the following molecules: calcium oxide, chlorine, water, carbon tetrachloride?

How many electrons are required by each atom mentioned in (a) to attain the nearest noble gas configuration?

How many atoms of each kind are present in the following molecules: calcium oxide, chlorine, water, carbon tetrachloride?

How many electrons are required by each atom mentioned in (a) to attain the nearest noble gas configuration?

Explain the following briefly:
Sodium chloride dissolves in water but carbon tetra chloride is insoluble in water.

Explain the following briefly:
Helium does not form He₂  molecule

Explain the following briefly.
Pure water does not conduct electricity, but on adding sodium chloride to it, it starts conducting electricity.

Explain the following briefly:
Cl₂ is a non polar molecule, while HCl is a polar molecule.

Explain the following briefly:
Metals are electropositive.

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is High ?

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is low ?

What type of bond is formed between two atoms, when the electronegative difference between them is zero?

Explain the following:
Covalent compounds are generally gases or liquids or soft solids.

Explain the following:
Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.

Explain the following:
Non-polar covalent compounds are insoluble in water.

Explain the following:
Polar covalent compounds are good conductors of electricity.

Fill in the blanks
 A coordinate bond is represented by an arrow pointing from ________ to__________ atom.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below 
Condition favorable for formation of a electrovalent bond is

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Which one is not the characteristic of the electrovalent or ionic compound

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Condition favorable for formation of a covalent bond is

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Which one is coordinate molecule?

Choose the correct answer from the options given below 
Which one is not example of polar covalent compound?

Fill in the blank from the choice given in bracket.
The compound that does not have a lone pair of electrons is ___________. (Water, Ammonia, carbon tetrachloride)

Which of the following is a common characteristic of a covalent compound?

State the type of bonding in the following molecule.
Water

State the type of bonding in the following molecule.
Calcium oxide

Draw an electron dot diagram to show the formation of the following compound.

Methane

[H = 1, C = 6]

Draw an electron dot diagram to show the formation of the following compound.

Magnesium chloride

[Mg = 12, Cl = 17]

Copy and complete the following table:

Element X is a metal with a valency 2. Element Y is a non metal with a valency 3.
(a) Write equations to show how X and Y form ions.
(b) If Y is a diatomic gas, write the equation for the direct combination of X and Y to form a compound.

(a) Compound X consists of molecules.
Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below
The type of bonding in X will be

(a) Compound X consists of molecules.
Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below
X is likely to have a :

(a) Compound X consists of molecules.
Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below
In the liquid state, X will

Acids dissolve in water to produce positively charged ions. Draw the structure of these positive ions.

Explain why Carbon tetrachloride does not dissolve in water.

1. Elements Q and S react together to form an ionic compound. Under normal conditions, which physical state will the compound QS exist in?
2. Can Q and S, both be metals? Justify your answer.

What is a lone pair of electrons?

Draw an electron dot diagram of a hydronium ion and label the lone pair of electrons.

Name a neutral covalent molecule which contains one lone pair of electrons.

Choose the correct answer from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d)
The property which is characteristic of an electrovalent compound is that

Choose the correct answer from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d)
When a metal atom becomes an ion

Name the charged particles which attract one another to form electrovalent compound?

In the formation of electrovalent compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to another. How are electrons involved in the formation of a covalent compound?

The electronic configuration of N2 is 2, 5. How many electrons in the outer shell of a N atom are not involved in the formation of a nitrogen molecule?

In the formation of magnesium chloride (by direct combination between magnesium and chlorine) name the substance that is oxidized and the substance that is reduced.

Choose the correct answer
Which of the following is not a common characteristic of an electrovalent compound?

What is the term defined below?

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons, each bonding atom contributing one electron to the pair.

What is the term defined below?

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons with both electrons coming from the same atom.

Fill in the blank with correct word from the bracket.
Generally ionic compounds exist in ______ (solid, liquid, gas) state.

Fill in the blank with correct word from the bracket.
Melting and boiling points of covalent compounds are generally ______ (low, high).

Match the column A with Column B.

Give a reason as to why hydrogen chloride can be termed as a polar covalent compound.

By drawing an electron dot diagram, show the lone pair effect leading to the formation of the ammonium ion from ammonia gas and hydrogen ion.

Compare the compounds carbon tetrachloride and sodium chloride with regard to solubility in water and electrical conductivity.

Give suitable chemical terms for the bond formed by a shared pair of electrons with both electrons coming from the same atom.

Which of the following is not a typical property of an ionic compound?

Among the following compounds identify the compound that has all three bonds (ionic, covalent and coordinate bond).

The molecule which contains a triple covalent bond is ______.

A Compound 'X' consists of only molecules. Hence 'X' will have

Name the kind of particles present in sodium hydroxide solution.

Name the kind of particles present in carbonic acid.

Name the kind of particles present in the sugar solution.

Bonding in this molecule can be understood to involve coordinate bonding.

Explain the bonding in methane molecule using electron dot structure.

Element X is a metal with a valency 2; Y is a non-metal with a valency 3.
(a) Write an equation to show how Y forms as ion
(b) If Y is a diatomic gas, write an equation for the direct combination of X and Y to form a compound.

An element L consists of molecules.

1. Which type of bond is present in the particles that make up L?
2. When L is heated with iron metal, it forms a compound FeL. What chemical term would you use to describe change undergone by L?
   

The following table shows the electronic configuration of the elements W, X, Y, Z:

Answer the following questions based on the table above:

1. What type of bond is formed between
   1. W and X
   2. Y and Z
2. What is the formula of the compound formed between
   1. X and Z
   2. W and X

The particles present in strong electrolytes are

An element with the atomic number 19 will most likely combine chemically with the element whose atomic number is

By drawing an electron dot diagram show the formation of Ammonium ion [Atomic No.: N = 7 and H = 1]

Give one word or a phrase:

A process of formation of ions from molecules which are not in the ionic state.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Give reason for the following:

Inert gases do not form ion.

Complete the following:

Ionic or electrovalent compounds do not conduct electricity in their ______ state.

What do you understand by lone pair of electrons ?

Draw the electron dot diagram of hydronium ion. (H = 1; O = 8)

Give the appropriate term defined by the statement given below:

The covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally between the combining atoms.

 Draw the electron dot structure of :
 Nitrogen molecule [N = 7] 

Draw the electron dot structure of :
Sodium chloride [Na = 11, Cl = 17] 

Draw the electron dot structure for the following:

Ammonium ion

[At. no.: N = 7, H = 1]

Give one word or a phrase for the following statement:

The chemical bond formed by a shared pair of electrons, each bonding atom contributing one electron to the pair.

Draw the electron dot diagram for the compound given below. Represent the electrons by (.) and (x) in the diagram.

[Atomic No.: Ca = 20, O = 8]

Calcium oxide

Draw the electron dot diagram for the compound given below. Represent the electrons by (.) and (x) in the diagram.

[Atomic No.: Cl = 17]

Chlorine molecule

Draw the electron dot diagram for the compound given below. Represent the electrons by (.) and (x) in the diagram.

[Atomic No.: O = 8, H = 11]

Water molecule

Non-polar covalent compounds are ______ conductors of heat and electricity.

Draw the electron dot structure for the following:

Ammonium ion

[At. no.: N = 7, H = 1]

Draw the electron dot structure for the following:

A molecular nitrogen

[At. No. : N = 7, H = 1]

Give reason for the following:

Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state.

In the molecule of water, oxygen atom has ______.

Draw the electron dot structure of Methane molecule.

[Atomic number: N = 7, C = 6, H = 1]

Give reason for the following:

Inert gases do not form ion.

Give reason for the following:

Covalent compounds have a low melting and boiling point.

Carbon tetrachloride is a ______ covalent molecule.

The following table shows the electronic configuration of the atoms A, B, C and D.

1. Write the formula of the compound formed between:
   
   1. A and B
   2. D and C
2. Which of the above elements will exhibit catenation?