Frank solutions for केमिस्ट्री पार्ट २ [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १० आयएससी chapter 7 - Metallurgy [Latest edition]

The method used for refining of aluminium is ______.

Bayer’s method is used for ______.

The ore of aluminium is ______.

The reduction of metal oxide by carbon and carbon monoxide to the metal is called ______.

In electrorefining of metal the impure metal is made anode and a striped pure metal the cathode during the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a complex metal salt. This method cannot be used for refining of ______.

The metal zinc and tin are present in alloy ______.

Assertion (A): Sulphide ores are concentrated by froth floatation process.

Reason (R): Pine oil acts as a frothing agent in froth floatation process.

Assertion (A): In smelting, roasted ore is heated with powdered coke in presence of flux.

Reason (R): Oxides are reduced to metals by C or CO. Impurities are removed as slag.

Assertion (A): Aluminium is used as a reducing agent in aluminothermy.

Reason (R): Aluminium has a lower melting point than Fe, Cr and Mn.

Assertion (A): Platinum and gold occur in native state in nature.

Reason (R): Platinum and gold are noble metals.

Assertion (A): The minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are called ores.

Reason (R): All minerals are ores.

Name the following:
Two metals which are found in the free or native state.

Name the following:
The mixture of materials fed into a furnace to extract a metal.

Name the following:
The rocky impurities present in an ore.

Name the following:
The substance added to get rid of gangue in the extraction of metal.

Name the following:
The process of heating a substance very strongly in such a way that it does not combine with oxygen.

Name the following:
The process in which an ore is heated in air so that oxygen gets added to it to form the oxides.

Name the following :
Ore of iron referred to as "fool's gold".

Name the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust.

Name the following:
The chief ore of aluminium.

Name the following:  
The substance added along with aluminium in the Hall-Heroult's process.

Name the following:
The materials used as electrodes in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium.

Name the following:
The kind of welding in which aluminium powder is used.

Name the following:
The chief metal present in magnalium and duralumin

Name the following:
Two metals which occur in nature in free state as well as in combined state.

Name the following:
Name two metals always find in combined state.

Name the following:

A metal that exist in native state.

Name the constituents of Brass.

Name one metal which is extracted by:

Electrolytic reduction.

Name the following:

The method of concentration used for sulphide ores.

Name the following:

The metallurgical process in which a metal is obtained in a fused state.

Name the following:

The substance which is used to remove impurities.

The most abundant metal on the surface of the earth is ______.

Slag is a product of ______ and ______.

Highly reactive elements occur in nature in ______ state.

In ______ ore is heated strongly in the absence of air.

The process in which the ore is heated in excess of air below its melting point is known as ______.

Complete and balance the following equation:
Al + O₂ →

Complete and balance the following equation:
Al + N₂ → 

Complete and balance the following equation:
Al + KOH + H₂O →

Complete and balance the following equation:
Fe₂O₃ + → Al₂O₃ +

Complete and balance the following equation:
Fe₂O₃ + CO →

Name oxide of one metal which is reduced by (give equation): Reduction with carbon

Name oxide of one metal which is reduced by (give equation): Electrolytic reduction

Name oxide of one metal which is reduced by (give equation): Reduction with heat alone

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Stainless steel

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Duralumin

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Brass

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Magnalium

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Solder

Give composition and uses of the following alloys. Mention the reason for its use.
Bronze

Give reason for the following:
Zinc is used in galvanization and dry cells.

Give reason for the following:
Nitric acid can be stored in aluminium containers.

Give reason for the following:
Aluminium oxide cannot be reduced by carbon.

Give reason for the following:
A neutral gas other than oxygen is formed at the anode during electrolysis of fused alumina.

Give reason for the following:
Extraction of aluminium was very difficult in the beginning.

Give reason for the following:
Carbon anodes are used in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium.

Give reason for the following:
Galvanized metal ions should not be used for storing food.

Define the term : Mineral

Define the term : Ore

Define the following term.

Gangue

Define the term : Charge

Define the term:

Flux

Define the term: 

Slag

What is meant by concentration of ores?

Name the process of concentration
(a) Based on densities
(b) Based on magnetic nature.

How an ore is concentrated by froth floatation process?

Name one metal occurring as a : Sulphide ore

Name one metal occurring as a : Halide ore

Name one metal occurring as a : Carbonate ore

Name one metal occurring as a : Oxide ore

Comment on the statement that - “All ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores”.

Write the name and formula of two ores of the following:

Iron

Write the name and formula of two ores of the following: Zinc

Write the name and formula of two ores of the following: Aluminium

Compare the process of calcination and roasting.

What is meant by refining of metals?

Name the three common methods used for refining of metals.

How are metals refined by the electrolytic methods?

Name the ore from which aluminium is extracted.

How is ore purified (give equations also)

How is aluminium obtained from pure ore?

Which method of refining is used to get 99.8% pure aluminium?

In the Hall's process for extraction of aluminium, Give the formula and purpose of fluorspar and cryolite

In the Hall's process for extraction of aluminium, Sate the location of cathode and anode and explain what occurs at each electrode.

What is the role of cryolite (NaAlF₆) in the electrolytic reduction of alumina in the Hall's process?

Aluminium is a more active metal than iron, but suffers less corrosion. Why?

Explain and give reasons why aluminium vessels should not be cleaned with powders containing alkalis.

Why is food containing iron salts should not be cooked in aluminium utensils?

Give equation for the following conversion:  Ferric oxide to iron.

Give equation for the following conversion: Aluminium hydroxide to aluminium oxide.

Give equation for the following conversion: Aluminium to aluminium nitride.

Give equation for the following conversion:Aluminium to sodium aluminate.

What is an alloy?

Give three reasons why alloys are made.

Give two properties of alloys which are different from constituent metals.

What is an amalgam?

Name one metal which does not form amalgam?

State amalgam use with an example.

Explain the following:
Galvanization protects iron from rusting.

Explain the following:
Stainless steel is more useful than steel.

Explain the following:  
Aluminium is extensively used for making aircraft parts.

An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is not used for electrolytic reduction of sodium metal. Why?

For the reaction of a metal oxide. Suggest a reducing agent other than carbon

What is galvanized iron.

What is passive iron?

Name the alloy of zinc used in simple voltaic cells.

Complete and balance the following equation :
Al + NaOH →

Give the chemical name and formula of ‘cryolite’.

what is the function of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium, other than acting as a solvent for bauxite?

Name a non-metallic element which forms acidic and neutral oxides

Name a non-metallic element which has a metallic lustre

Name a non-metallic element which is a liquid at ordinary temperatures

Name a non-metallic element which is a conductor of electricity.

Name a metal which occurs free in nature.

Give the name and formula of an ore of zinc.: 
Roasting of the ore

Give the name and formula of an ore of zinc.
Reduction of the zinc compound which is the product of above reaction.

Give the name and formula of an ore of zinc.
What in addition to a zinc compound, is put into the furnace? State one large scale use of zinc.

Arrange the metals:
calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium in order of their reactivity with water placing the most reactive first.

Write equations for each of the above metal which reacts with water.

The following question refer to the extraction of aluminium and iron from their ores :
Name the principle ore from which i. iron, and ii. Aluminium is extracted.

The following question refer to the extraction of aluminium and iron from their ores:
What is the most important chemical process in the extraction of any metal? State how this essential step is carried out in the extraction of: i. iron, and ii. Aluminium.

The following question refer to the extraction of aluminium and iron from their ores:
Iron and aluminum ores both, contain impurities. Explain briefly how these impurities are removed in each case.

The following question refer to the extraction of aluminium and iron from their ores:
What is the major impurity present in iron when it is removed from the furnace?

Name an alloy of zinc which is used in simple voltaic cells.

For the substance listed below, explain its role in the extraction of aluminium: Bauxite

For the substance listed below, explain its role in the extraction of aluminium: Sodium hydroxide

For the substance listed below, explain its role in the extraction of aluminium: Cryolite

For the substance listed below, explain its role in the extraction of aluminium: Graphite

The following question relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Give the equation for the reaction which takes place at the cathode.

The following questions relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Explain why it is necessary to renew the anode periodically.

What is an alloy?

An alloy usually has some properties which makes it useful in a specific way. What is the special property of duralumin?

An alloy usually has some properties which makes it useful in a specific way. What is the special property of type metal?

What is added to steel to make it stainless steel?

Define and explain the meaning of the term ore.

Complete the incomplete statement with missing words:
Metals are ______ while non-metals are ______ conductors of heat.

Complete the incomplete statement with missing word:
Metals are malleable while non-metals are ______.

Complete the incomplete statement with missing word:
Metals form positive ions while non- metals ______.

Complete the incomplete statement with missing word:
Non-metals form acidic oxides while metals form ______.

Name : The metal which is liquid at room temperature.

Name:
The allotrope of the non-metal carbon which conducts electricity.

How many valence electrons are present in metals ?

How many valence electrons are present in non- metals?

With reference to the reduction of copper (II) oxide , iron (II) oxide, lead (II) oxide and magnesium oxide; place the oxides in order of increasing ease of reduction.[i.e. first write the oxide that is most difficult to reduce and at last, the oxide, that is most easily reduced.]

Write balanced equation for the following reaction:
Reduction of copper oxide by hydrogen.

Write balanced equation for the following reaction:
Reduction of iron (III) oxide by carbon monoxide.

Write balanced equation for the following reaction:
Reduction of lead (II) oxide by carbon.

What is the type of bonding expected in a metallic chloride?

If fused metallic chloride is electrolyzed, at which electrode would the metal be obtained?

What metallic property is shown by the non-metal graphite?

X is an element in the form of a powder. X burns in oxygen and the product is soluble in water. The solution is tested with litmus. Write down only the word which will correctly complete each of the following sentences:
(a) If X is a metal, then the litmus will turn ______.
(b) If X is a non-metal, then the litmus will turn ______.
(c) If X is a reactive metal, then ______ will be evolved, when X reacts with dilute sulphuric acid.
(d) If X is a non -metal, it will form _ oxide, which will form ______ solution with water.
(e) If X is a non -metal, it will not conduct electricity unless it is carbon in the form of ______.

From  the metals copper, iron, magnesium, sodium and zinc, select a different metal in each case which:
(a) Does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid
(b) Can form 2⁺ and 3⁺ ions
(c) Has a hydroxide that reacts with both acid and alkalis.
(d) Does not react with cold water, but reacts with steam when heated.

Arrange the metals of copper, iron, magnesium, sodium and zinc in the decreasing order of reactivity.

List 1 contains the meta ls I alloys (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) and list 2 contains their uses (A, B, C, D, E).

Copy and complete the following table, write down the correct letter against the numbers representing metals. An answer may be used only once. The first has been done for you.

Name the process used for the purification of bauxite.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the action of heat on aluminium hydroxide.

Give the chemical name and formula of ‘cryolite’.

By dissolving aluminium oxide in cryolite, a ______ solution is produced.

Why is so much graphite required for this electrolytic process?

Write the equation for the reaction which takes place at the cathode for this electrolytic process.

In construction work, why is the alloy of aluminium, duralumin used rather than pure aluminium.

Compare the properties of a typical metal and a non- metal on the basis of the following:
(a) electronic configuration
(b) nature of oxides
(c) oxidizing or reducing action
(d) conductivity of heat and electricity

Name a non- metal that has a metallic luster and sublimes on heating.

Write balanced equation for the following reaction:
Aluminium powder is warmed with hot and concentrated caustic soda solution.

Name the ore of zinc containing its sulphide.

Write the equation for the reaction of zinc with following: Sodium hydroxide solution

Write the equation for the reaction of zinc with following: Dilute sulphuric acid

Write the equation for the reaction of zinc of the following: Copper sulphate solution

To protect iron from rusting, it is coated with a thin layer of zinc. Name the process.

Aluminium is extracted from its chief ore, bauxite. The ore is first purified and then the metal is extracted from it by electrolytic reduction.

1. Write three balanced equations for the purification of bauxite by Hall’s process.
2. Name a chemical used for dissolving aluminium oxide. In which state of sub-division is the chemical used?
3. Write an equation for the reaction which takes place at the anode during the extraction of aluminium by the electrolytic process.
4. Mention one reason for the use of aluminium in thermite welding. Which particular property of cast iron makes it unsuitable for the construction of bridges?

A to F below relate to the source and extraction of either zinc or aluminium.

1. Bauxite
2. Coke
3. Cryolite
4. Froth floatation
5. Sodium hydroxide solution
6. Zinc blende

1. Write down the three letters each from the above list which are relevant to:
   1. Zinc
   2. Aluminium
2. Fill in the blanks using the most appropriate words from A to F:
   1. The ore from which aluminium is extracted must first be treated with ______ so that pure aluminium oxide can be obtained.
   2. Pure aluminium oxide is dissolved in ______ to make a conducting solution.
3. Write the formula of cryolite.

Calcium, copper, lead, aluminium, zinc, chromium, magnesium, iron.
Choose the major metals from the list given above to make the following alloys:
(a) Stainless steel
(b) brass

Name the following:
or

With reference to the physical properties of metals and non-metals, state the following exception.

A metal which is liquid at room temperature.

Name the following:

A compound which is added to lower the fusion temperature of the electrolytic bath in the extraction of aluminium.

Name the following:

The process of heating an ore to a high temperature in the presence of air.

Name the following:

The compound formed by the reaction between calcium oxide and silica.

Name the following:
The middle region of the blast furnace.

The following is an extract from 'Metals in the Service of Man, Alexander and Street/Pelican 1976':

1. Which solution is used to react with bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure aluminium oxide?
2. The aluminium oxide for the electrolytic extraction of aluminium is obtained by heating aluminium hydroxide. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
3. Name the element which serves both as the anode and the cathode in the extraction of aluminium.
4. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
5. Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction which occurs at the anode when aluminium is purified by electrolysis.

Brass is an alloy of ______.

Find the odd one out of the following and explain your choice.
Sulphur, Phosphorous, Carbon, Iodine

Find the odd one out of the following and explain your choice : Copper, Lead, Zinc, Mercury

Correct the following statement :
Copper reacts with nitric acid to produce nitrogen dioxide.

Correct the following statement :
Haematite is the chief ore of aluminium.

The sketch below illustrates the refin ing of aluminium by Hoope's process

(a) Which of A and B is th e cathode and which one is the anode?
(b) What is the electroly te in the tank?
( c) What material is used for th e cathode?

State the property of the metal being utilized in the following :

Which one of the following is not true of metal :
Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Which one of the following is not true of metal :
 Metals are malleable and ductile

Which one of the following is not true of metal :
Metals form non-polar covalent compounds

Which one of the following is not true of metal :
Metal will have 1 or 2 or 3 electrons in their valence shell.

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloys:

Duralumin

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloy:
Brass

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloy:
Stainless steel

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The metal is a liquid at room temperature.

Answer the following question :
Name a metal which is found abundantly in earth's crust.

Answer the following question :
What is the difference between calcination and roasting.

Answer the following question :
Name the process used for the enrichment of sulphide ore.

Write the chemical formulae of the main ore of iron.

Write the chemical formulae of the main ore of aluminium.

Answer the following question :
Write the constituents of electrolyte for the extraction of aluminum.

Using the information above, complete the following:

1. _________ is the metallic element.
2. Metal atoms tend to have a maximum of ________ electrons in the outermost energy level.
3. Non-metallic elements tend to form _________ oxides while metals tend to form _______ oxides.
4. Non-metallic elements tend to be ______ conductors of heat and electricity.
5. Metals tend to _______ electrons and act as ________ agents in their reactions with elements and compounds.

The metals zinc and tin are present in the alloy

The following questions relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Name the other aluminium containing compound added to alumina and state the significance.

The following question relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.

Give the equation for the reaction that takes place at the cathode.

The following question relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Explain why is it necessary to renew the anode periodically.

State the main components of the following alloy:

Brass

State the main components of the following alloy:

Duralumin

State the main components of the following alloy:

Bronze

Name the following.
The property possessed by metals by which they can be beaten into sheets.

Name the following : 
A compound added to lower the fusion temperature of electrolytic bath in the extracton of aluminium.

Name the following:

The ore of zinc containing its sulphide.

The main ore used for the extraction of iron is ______.

Heating an ore in a limited supply of air or in the absence of air at a temperature just below its melting point is known as ______.

Aluminium powder is used in thermite welding because

This is not an alloy of copper:

Describe the role played in the extraction of aluminum:
Cryolite

Describe the role played in the extraction of aluminum:
Sodium hydroxide

Describe the role played in the extraction of aluminum : Graphite

Explain why : 
In the electrolysis of alumina using the Hall Heroult's Process the electrolyte is covered with powdered coke.

Explain why :
Iron sheets are coated with zinc during galvanization.

Name the solution used to react with bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure aluminium oxide, in the Baeyer's process.

Write the equation for the reaction where the aluminium oxide for the electrolytic extraction of aluminium is obtained by heating aluminium hydroxide.

Name the compound added to pure alumina to lower the fusion temperature during the electrolytic reduction of alumina.

Write the equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode during the extraction by aluminium by electrolysis.

Explain why it is preferably to use a number of graphite electrodes as anode instead of a single electrode, during the above electrolysis.

The two main metals in bronze are

Name the following :
The process of coating of iron with zinc.

Name the following :
An alloy of lead and tin that is use in electrical circuits.

Name the following :  
An ore of zinc containing its sulphide.

Name the following :
A metal oxide that can be reduced by hydrogen

Answer the following questions with respect to the electrolytic process in the extraction of aluminium:

Identify the components of the electrolyte other than pure alumina and the role played by each.

Answer the following question with respect to the electrolytic process in the extraction of aluminium:

Explain why powdered coke is sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture.

Complete the following by selecting the correct option from the choices given:
The metal which does not react with water or dilute H₂SO₄ but reacts with concentrated H₂SO₄ is _________

Complete the following by selecting the correct option from the choices given :
The metal whose oxide, which is amphoteric, is reduced to metal by carbon reduction ________

Complete the following by selecting the correct option from the choices given :
The diavalent metal whose oxide is reduced to metal by electrolysis of its fused salt is ________

choose the most appropriate term to match the given description.
Crushing of the ore into a fine powder

choose the most appropriate term to match the given description.
Heating of the ore in the absence of air to high temperature

Give one word or a phrase:

The process by which sulphide ore is concentrated.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the action of heat on aluminium hydroxide.

The most common ore of iron is ______.

Name the main component of the following alloy:

Brass

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloys:

Duralumin

Name the most common ore of the metal aluminium from which the metal is extracted. Write the chemical formula of the ore.

Name the process by which impure ore of aluminum gets purified by using concentrated solution of an alkali.

Write the equation for the formation of aluminum at the cathode during the electrolysis of alumina.

The reason for using Aluminium in the alloy duralumin is ______.

Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions :
(i) Reduction of copper (II) oxide by hydrogen

Give the appropriate term defined by the statement given below:

The process by which certain ores, specially carbonates are converted to oxides in the absence of air.

 Give the chemical formula of : 
Bauxite 

Give the chemical formula of :
 Cryolite 

Give the chemical formula of : 
 Sodium aluminate 

Explain with reason:

Why is powdered coke sprinkled on top of the electrolyte?

 Answer the following questions based on the extraction of aluminium from alumina by Hall - Heroult’s Process : 
What is the function of cryolite used along with alumina as the electrolyte? 

Answer the following questions based on the extraction of aluminium from alumina by Hall - Heroult’s Process : 
Why is powdered coke sprinkled on top of the electrolyte? 

Answer the following questions based on the extraction of aluminium from alumina by Hall - Heroult’s Process : 
Name the electrode, from which aluminium collected.  

 Match the alloys given in column I to the uses given in column II : 

 Name the gas evolved in each of the following cases : 
Alumina undergoes electrolytic reduction.

State one relevant observation for the following reaction:

Sulphide ore is added to a tank containing oil and water, and then stirred or agitated with air.

Give one word or a phrase for the following statement:

Electrode used as cathode in electrorefining of impure copper.

Give one word or a phrase for the following statement:

The substance prepared by adding other metals to a base metal in appropriate proportions to obtain certain desirable properties.

An alloy used to make statues is ______.

Baeyer’s process is used to concentrate bauxite ore to alumina.

Give balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place for its conversion from bauxite ore to alumina.

Name the following element:

A trivalent metal used to make light tools.

Name the following element:

A trivalent metal used to make light tools.

The compound that is not an ore of aluminum is ______.

The following sketch illustrates the process of conversion of Alumina to Aluminium:

1. Name the constituent of the electrolyte mixture which has a divalent metal in it.
2. Name the powdered substances ‘X’ sprinkled on the surface of the electrolyte mixture.
3. What is the name of the process?
4. Write the reactions taking place at the electrodes ‘Y’ (anode) and ‘Z’ (cathode), respectively.

Identify the alloy in the given case from the given composition.

aluminium, magnesium, manganese, copper

Identify the alloy in the given composition.

iron, nickel, chromium, carbon

Write one use of the following alloy:

Bronze

Write one use of the following alloy:

Fuse metal

Arrange the following according to the instruction given in bracket:

Cu²⁺, Na⁺, Zn²⁺, Ag⁺ (The order of Preferential discharge at the cathode)

Copper, zinc, and Tin are the metals alloyed to form ______.

The compound that is not a constituent of the electrolytic mixture used in Hall-Heroult's process is ______.

A mineral from which the metal can be extracted economically and conveniently is known as ______.

The process of heating the concentrated ore in a limited supply or absence of air is ______.

Complete and balance the following equation:

\[\ce{Al2O3 + NaOH ->}\]

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloys:

Duralumin

Name the main constituent metal in the following alloy:
Stainless steel

Choose the correct answer from the list given below:

Zinc blende, C₂H₂, calamine, CH, haematite

The ore which can be concentrated by magnetic separation.

Give balanced equation for the following reaction:

Aluminium nitride is treated with warm water.