Science (English Medium)
Academic Year: 2025-2026
Date & Time: 20th February 2026, 10:30 am
Duration: 3h
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General Instructions:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
- This question paper contains 33 questions. All questions are compulsory.
- This question paper is divided into five sections - Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- In Section A: Questions no. 1 to 16 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
- In Section B: Questions no. 17 to 21 are Very Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 2 marks.
- In Section C: Questions no. 22 to 28 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 3 marks.
- In Section D: Questions no. 29 and 30 are case study-based questions. Each question carries 4 marks.
- In Section E: Question numbers 31 to 33 are Long Answer type questions. Each question carries 5 marks.
- There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions in all the Sections except Section A.
- Kindly note that there is a separate question paper for Visually Impaired candidates.
- Use of calculator is not allowed.
You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary:
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10−34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10−19 C
μ0 = 4π × 10−7 T m A−1
ε0 = 8.854 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2
`1/(4 pi epsilon_0)` = 9 × 109 N m2 C−2
Mass of electron (me) = 9.1 × 10−31 kg.
Mass of neutron = 1.675 × 10−27 kg.
Mass of proton = 1.673 × 10−27 kg.
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann’s constant = 1.38 × 10−23 JK−1
Four independent waves are expressed as:
- y1 = A1 sin ωt
- y2 = A2 sin 2ωt
- y3 = A3 cos ωt
- y4 = A4 sin(ωt + π/3)
The interference between two of these waves is possible in:
(i) and (iii) only
(iii) and (iv) only
(i), (iii) and (iv) only
All of them
Chapter:
An electromagnetic wave passes from vacuum into a dielectric medium with relative electrical permittivity (3/2) and relative magnetic permeability (8/3). Then, its ______.
wavelength is doubled and frequency remains unchanged.
wavelength is doubled and frequency is halved.
wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged.
wavelength and frequency both will remain unchanged.
Chapter:
In an unbiased p-n junction, at equilibrium, which of the following statements is true?
Diffusion current is zero but drift current exists.
Diffusion current exists but drift current is zero.
Diffusion and drift currents are equal and opposite.
Both the diffusion and drift currents exist but are unequal.
Chapter:
A conducting wire connects two charged metallic spheres A and B of radii r1 and r2 respectively. The distance between the spheres is very large compared to their radii. The ratio of electric fields (EA/EB) at the surfaces of spheres A and B will be ______.
`r_1/r_2`
`r_2/r_1`
`r_1^2/r_2^2`
`r_2^2/r_1^2`
Chapter:
The electric potential for various points in x-y plane is given by V = 1.0 x2 − 2.0 y2, where V is in volts and x, y are in metres. The angle that the electric field at point (2.0 m, 1.0 m) makes with the positive x-axis is ______.
45°
90°
135°
315°
Chapter:
A current of 1.5 A is maintained in a copper wire of length 1 m with area of cross-section 1.7 × 10−7 m2. The magnitude of electric field in the wire is ______.
[ρCu = 1.7 × 10−8 Ω m]
`0.15 V/m`
`0.30 V/m`
`1.5 V/m`
`3.0 V/m`
Chapter:
Light from a small object in air falls on a spherical glass surface (n = 1.5) of radius of curvature R. A real image of the object will be formed if the object distance u is related to R as ______.
`u lt R/2`
`R/2 lt u lt R`
R < u < 2R
u > 2R
Chapter:
The ratio of the potential energy to the kinetic energy of an electron in nth orbit of Bohr model of hydrogen atom is ______.
`-1/2`
`1/2`
2
−2
Chapter:
Welders wear special glass goggles or face masks with glass windows to protect their eyes from ______.
Infrared rays
Ultraviolet rays
X-rays
Microwaves
Chapter:
A circular loop has radius R and carries current I as shown in figure. In order that the net magnetic field at the centre of the loop is zero, the current in wire AB should have magnitude ______.
2πI, along +X-axis
2πI, along −X-axis
πI, along +X-axis
πI, along −X-axis
Chapter:
The phenomenon of interference is shown by ______.
longitudinal mechanical wave only
transverse mechanical wave only
electromagnetic waves only
all these waves
Chapter:
A series LOR circuit with R = 3 Ω, XC = 4 Ω, XL = 8 Ω is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ae source, The power factor for the circuit is ______.
0.30
0.45
0.50
0.60
Chapter:
Assertion (A): The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of the constituent nucleons.
Reason (R): Energy is absorbed when the nucleons are bound together to form a nucleus.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
Chapter:
Assertion (A): All atoms have a net magnetic moment.
Reason (R): A current loop does not always behave as a magnetic dipole.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
Chapter:
Assertion (A): In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the energy levels are discrete and quantised.
Reason (R): In a hydrogen atom, the electrostatic force on the electron provides the necessary centripetal force to it to revolve around the nucleus.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
Chapter:
Assertion (A): If accelerated electrons are passed through a narrow slit, a diffraction pattern is observed.
Reason (R): Electrons behave as both particles and waves.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (А).
Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
Chapter:
What is the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons in a conductor?
Chapter:
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Deduce the relation between the current flowing through a conductor and drift velocity of electrons in it.
Chapter:
A wire of length L is bent round into
- a square coil having N turns and
- a circular coil having N turns.
The coil in both cases is free to turn about a vertical axis coinciding with the plane of the coil, in a uniform, horizontal magnetic field and carry the same currents. Find the ratio of the maximum value of the torque acting on the square coil to that on the circular coil.
Chapter:
A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 400 nm and 600 nm is used to illuminate a single slit of width 1 mm. Find the least distance of the point from the central maximum where the dark fringes due to both wavelengths coincide on the screen placed 1.5 m from the slit.
Chapter:
In a Young’s double-slit experimental set-up with slit separation 0.6 mm a beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 440 nm and 660 nın is used to obtain interference pattern on a screen kept 1.5 m in front of the slits. Find the least distance of the point from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide.
Chapter:
In an electron microscope, accelerated electrons have wavelength of 0.011 nm. Calculate the voltage through which electrons were accelerated to attain this wavelength.
(Take e = 1.6 × 10−19 C, me = 9 × 10−31 kg, h = 6.6 × 10−34 J.s)
Chapter:
Suppose a nucleus with mass number A = 240 and `(B.E.)/A` = 7.6 MeV, breaks into two nuclei, each of mass number A = 120 with `(B.E.)/A` = 8.5 MeV. Calculate the energy released in the process.
Chapter:
An ac voltage Vi = 12 sin(100 πt)V is applied between points A and B in a network of two ideal diodes and three resistors as shown in figure. During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage Vi supplied to the network.
- Identify which of the two diodes will conduct and why?
- Redraw an equivalent circuit diagram to show the flow of current.
- Calculate the output voltage drops V0 across the three resistors when the input voltage attains its peak value.
Chapter:
Figure shows a narrow beam of electrons entering with a velocity of 3 × 107 m/s, symmetrically through the space between two parallel horizontal plates P1 `P_1^'` and P2 `P_2^'` kept 2 cm apart.
If each plate is 3 cm long, calculate the potential difference V applied between the plates so that the beam just strikes the end `P_2^'`.
Chapter:
State two conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur.
Chapter: [9] Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
A transparent container contains layers of three immiscible transparent liquids A, B and C of refractive indices n, `3/4` n and `2/3` n, respectively. A laser beam is incident at the interface between A and B at an angle θ as shown in figure. Prove that the beam does not enter region C at all for sin θ ≥ `2/3`.
Chapter:
Using Gauss’s law, deduce an experession for electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite plane thin sheet.
Chapter:
Two large thin plane sheets, each having surface charge density σ. are held close and parallel to each other in air. What is the net electric field at a point
- inside and
- outside, the sheets?
Chapter:
Obtain the condition for bridge balance in Wheatstone’s bridge.
Chapter: [3] Current Electricity
Find net resistance of the network of resistors connected between A and B, as shown in figure.
Chapter:
A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is charged to V volt by a battery. After sometime the battery is disconnected and the distance between the plates is doubled. A slab of dielectric constant k = 1.8 is then introduced to completely fill the space between the plates. How will the following be affected?
- The capacitance of the capacitor.
- The electric field between the plates of the capacitor.
- The energy stored in the capacitor.
Justify your answer in each case.
Chapter:
Draw the V-I characteristics of silicon diode.
Chapter:
Describe the following term briefly:
minority carrier injection in forward biasing.
Chapter: [14] Semiconductor Electronics - Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
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Describe the following term briefly:
breakdown voltage in reverse biasing
Chapter: [14] Semiconductor Electronics - Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Why does one prefer to view the image formed at infinity than that formed at near point in microscope/telescope?
Chapter:
Consider lenses L1, L2 and L3 as specified in the following table. Which of them will you select as objective and eyepiece for constructing best possible
- telescope
- compound microscope?
Give reason for your answer.
| Lens | L1 | L2 | L3 |
| Power | 6 D | 3 D | 10 D |
| Aperture | 1 cm | 8 cm | 1 cm |
Chapter:
| A galvanometer is used to detect or/and measure small currents in an electrical circuit. It essentially works on the fact that a current-carrying coil experiences a deflecting torque when placed in a magnetic field. This deflection in the coil can be measured and it is related to the current flowing in the coil, the number of turns in the coil, area of the coil and the magnetic field. A hair spring attached to the coil provides a counter torque and helps in measuring the deflection. A galvanometer can be converted to an ammeter or a voltmeter of desired range by using suitable resistances. |
(I) The torque on the coil remains constant irrespective of the coil’s orientation during rotation due to ______.
- use of soft iron core which increases the magnetic field.
- radial magnetic field.
- hair spring which provides the counter torque.
- eddy current in the iron core which causes damping.
(II) The best way to increase current sensitivity of a galvanometer is by ______.
- increasing number of turns of the coil.
- increasing area of coil and magnitic field strength.
- decreasing area of coil and magnetic field strength.
- increasing torsional constant of the hair spring.
(III) A moving coil galvanometer has a coil with area of cross-section 4.0 × 10−3 m2 and number of turns 50. The coil is rotating in a magnetic field of 0.25 T. The torque acting on the coil when a current of 5 A passes through it is ______.
- 1.0 N m
- 2.0 N m
- 0.50 N m
- 0.25 N m
OR
A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15 Ω and the meter shows full scale deflection for a current of 3 mA. The value of resistance required to convert it into a voltmeter of range (0-12 V) is ______.
- 4015 Ω
- 3985 Ω
- 415 Ω
- 385 Ω
(IV) A galvanometer with coil of resistance 20 Ω shows full scale deflection for a current of 5 mA. To convert it into an ammeter of range (0-10 A), a resistance of ______.
- 0.05 Ω should be connected in series with it.
- 0.05 Ω should be connected in parallel with it.
- 0.01 Ω should be connected in parallel with it.
- 0.01 Ω should be connected in series with it.
Chapter:
|
A researcher performs an experiment on photo-electric effect using two metals A and B with unknown work functions. She illuminates the surfaces of A and B with monochromatic radiation of various frequencies and records the value of corrosponding stopping potentials (Vs). The graph shows the variation of stopping potential (Vs) with the frequency of incident radiation (v) for metals A and B.
|
Answer the following questions:
(I) From the graph, the work functions of A and B are (h is Planck’s constant and e is charge of electron)
- v1 and v2
- V1 and V2
- hv1 and hv2
- `(h v_1)/e` and `(h v_2)/e`
(II) For radiation of frequency v > v2 incident on the surfaces of A and B, the maximum kinetic energy of ejected electron is ______.
- greater for metal A because it has a smaller work function.
- greater for metal B because it has a larger work function.
- greater for metal B because it has higher threshold frequency.
- the same for both metal A and metal B because it is independent of work functions of metals.
(III) If the intensity of the incident radiation for both metals A and B, is doubled keeping its frequency constant, then ______.
- the slope of the parallel lines will increase.
- the slope of the parallel lines will decrease.
- the threshold frequencies for both A and B will decrease.
- the slope of the parallel lines will not change but more electrons will be emitted per second.
(IV) The threshold frequency for a metal surface is ν0. If radiation of frequency 3ν0 illuminates the surface, the maximum kinetic energy (KE) of photoelectrons is E1. If frequency were increased to 6ν0, the maximum KE of photoelectrons becomes E2. Then `(E_1/E_2)` equals ______.
- 1/3
- 1/2
- 2/5
- 3/4
OR
Let m be the slope of the graph line for metal B. If e is the value of electron charge, then Planck’s constant ‘h’ is given by ______.
- m e
- `1/(m e)`
- `m/e`
- `e/m`
Chapter:
Using the relation for refraction at a curved spherical surface, derive the expression for lens maker’s formula.
Chapter:
Three lenses L1, L2 and L3, each of focal length 40 cm, are placed coaxially. The distance between L1 and L2 and between L2 and L3 are 120 cm and 20 cm respectively. An object is kept at a distance of 80 cm to the left of lens L1.
Find the distance of the final image formed from the object.
Chapter:
Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when the object is kept between its focus and the centre of curvature. Using this diagram, derive the mirror formula.
Chapter:
A concave mirror produces a two times magnified virtual image of an object kept 10 cm in front of it. Calculate the focal length of the mirror.
Chapter:
State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
Chapter: [6] Electromagnetic Induction
Derive an expression for the self-inductance of an air-filled long solenoid of length l and cross-sectional area A having N turns.
Chapter:
Draw a labelled diagram to show the various components of a step-up transformer.
Chapter:
State the principle on which a step-up transformer works.
Chapter:
Obtain the ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in terms of number of turns in the two coils.
Chapter:
The ratio of the number of turns in the primary to the secondary of an ideal transformer is 1 : 5. If 5 kW power at 200 V is supplied to the primary, find
- current in the primary, and
- output voltage.
Chapter:
An electric dipole consists of two point charges q and −q separated by a distance 2a. Derive an expression for the electric field `vec E` due to this dipole at a point distant r from the centre of the dipole on the equatorial plane. Write the expression for the electric field at a far off point, i.e. r >> a.
Chapter:
A dipole is placed in x-y plane such that charges q and −q are located at x = a and x = b respectively. There exists an electric field `vec E = 2 hat i N/C` in the region. Calculate the force `vec F` and torque `vec tau` experienced by the dipole.
Chapter:
- Two cells of emf E1 and E2 with internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively, are connected in parallel by connecting their positive terminals together and negative terminals together. Deduce an expression for equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance of the combination.
- A parallel combination, as stated in (a) above, of two cells of emfs Е and 3E and internal resistances R each is connected across a resistance 2R. Find the current that flows through resistance 2R.
Chapter:
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