मराठी
महाराष्ट्र राज्य शिक्षण मंडळएचएससी विज्ञान (सामान्य) इयत्ता १२ वी

When does a system lose energy to its surroundings and its internal energy decreases?

Advertisements
Advertisements

प्रश्न

When does a system lose energy to its surroundings and its internal energy decreases? 

टीपा लिहा
Advertisements

उत्तर

When the system does some work to increase its volume, and no heat is added to it while expanding, the system loses energy to its surroundings and its internal energy decreases.

shaalaa.com
  या प्रश्नात किंवा उत्तरात काही त्रुटी आहे का?
पाठ 4: Thermodynamics - Very Short Answer

संबंधित प्रश्‍न

Explain why Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving.


A steam engine delivers 5.4×10J of work per minute and services 3.6 × 10J of heat per minute from its boiler. What is the efficiency of the engine? How much heat is wasted per minute?


Should the internal energy of a system necessarily increase if heat is added to it?


When we rub our hands they become warm. Have we supplied heat to the hands?


A closed bottle contains some liquid. the bottle is shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. It is found that the temperature of the liquid is increased. Is heat transferred to the liquid? Is work done on the liquid? Neglect expansion on heating.


Can work be done by a system without changing its volume?


An ideal gas is pumped into a rigid container having diathermic walls so that the temperature remains constant. In a certain time interval, the pressure in the container is doubled. Is the internal energy of the contents of the container also doubled in the interval ?


An ideal gas goes from the state i to the state f as shown in figure. The work done by the gas during the process ______________ .


The pressure p and volume V of an ideal gas both increase in a process.

(a) Such a process is not possible.

(b) The work done by the system is positive.

(c) The temperature of the system must increase.

(d) Heat supplied to the gas is equal to the change in internal energy.


A 100 kg lock is started with a speed of 2.0 m s−1 on a long, rough belt kept fixed in a horizontal position. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the belt is 0.20. (a) Calculate the change in the internal energy of the block-belt system as the block comes to a stop on the belt. (b) Consider the situation from a frame of reference moving at 2.0 m s−1 along the initial velocity of the block. As seen from this frame, the block is gently put on a moving belt and in due time the block starts moving with the belt at 2.0 m s−1. calculate the increase in the kinetic energy of the block as it stops slipping  past the belt. (c) Find the work done in this frame by the external force holding the belt.


A substance is taken through the process abc as shown in figure. If the internal energy of the substance increases by 5000 J and a heat of 2625 cal is given to the system, calculate the value of J.


Figure shows a cylindrical tube of volume V with adiabatic walls containing an ideal gas. The internal energy of this ideal gas is given by 1.5 nRT. The tube is divided into two equal parts by a fixed diathermic wall. Initially, the pressure and the temperature are p1, T1 on the left and p2, T2 on the right. The system is left for sufficient time so that the temperature becomes equal on the two sides. (a) How much work has been done by the gas on the left part? (b) Find the final pressures on the two sides. (c) Find the final equilibrium temperature. (d) How much heat has flown from the gas on the right to the gas on the left?


A mixture of fuel and oxygen is burned in a constant-volume chamber surrounded by a water bath. It was noticed that the temperature of water is increased during the process. Treating the mixture of fuel and oxygen as the system,

  1. Has heat been transferred?
  2. Has work been done?
  3. What is the sign of ∆U?

Which of the following system freely allows the exchange of energy and matter with its environment? 


What is the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of the molecules of a system called as?


Define heat.


What is the internal energy of the system, when the amount of heat Q is added to the system and the system does not do any work during the process?


In a thermodynamic system, working substance is ideal gas. Its internal energy is in the form of ______.


When 1 g of water at 0° C and 1 x 105 N/m2 pressure is converted into ice of volume 1.082 cm3, the external work done will be ____________.


Two samples A and B, of a gas at the same initial temperature and pressure are compressed from volume V to V/2; A isothermally and B adiabatically. The final pressure of A will be ______.


Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following:

What is the change in the temperature of the gas?


A person of mass 60 kg wants to lose 5kg by going up and down a 10 m high stairs. Assume he burns twice as much fat while going up than coming down. If 1 kg of fat is burnt on expending 7000 kilo calories, how many times must he go up and down to reduce his weight by 5 kg?


n mole of a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCA (see figure) consisting of the following processes:

A `→` B: Isothermal expansion at temperature T so that the volume is doubled from V1 to V2 = 2V1 and pressure changes from P1 to P2.

B `→` C: Isobaric compression at pressure P2 to initial volume V1.

C `→` A: Isochoric change leading to change of pressure from P2 to P1.

Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is ______.


An expansion process on a diatomic ideal gas (Cv = 5/2 R), has a linear path between the initial and final coordinates on a pV diagram. The coordinates of the initial state are: the pressure is 300 kPa, the volume is 0.08 m3 and the temperature is 390 K. The final pressure is 90 kPa and the final temperature s 320 K. The change in the internal energy of the gas, in SI units, is closest to:


The internal energy of one mole of argon at 300 K is ______. (R = 8.314 J/mol.K)


A system releases 125 kJ of heat while 104 kJ work is done on the system. Calculate the change in internal energy.


Explain the change in internal energy of a thermodynamic system (the gas) by heating it.


Share
Notifications

Englishहिंदीमराठी


      Forgot password?
Use app×