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प्रश्न
What is plasmid?
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उत्तर १
Plasmid is a circular, double stranded, self-replicating, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule.
उत्तर २
Plasmids are small, circular and duplex DNA molecules and their natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell. They have several properties that make them extremely useful as cloning vectors.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
State the role of DNA ligase in biotechnology.
What are plasmids?
One of the major contributions of biotechnology is to develop pest-resistant varieties of cotton plants. Explain how it has been made possible.
What are the restriction endonucleases? Give the rules of their nomenclature.
Explain the properties of a good or ideal cloning vector for rDNA technology.
Enlist different types of restriction enzymes commonly used in rDNA technology? Write about their role.
From the following list of cloning vectors used in rDNA technology identify the vectors that are the most commonly used.
Plasmids, bacteriophages (Ml3, lambda virus), cosmid, phagemid, BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome), YAC (yeast artificial chromosome), transposons, baculoviruses, and mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs)
The time taken to complete one cycle of PCR is around ______.
______ is a Type I restriction enzyme.
Following are the four statements regarding separation of DNA fragments using Gel electrophoresis. Identify the INCORRECT statements.
i. DNA is negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on gel towards the Anode terminal.
ii. DNA fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect movement of DNA.
iii. Smaller the size of DNA fragment, larger is the distance it travels through it.
iv. Pure DNA can be visualized directly by exposing to UV radiation.
DNA fingerprinting refers to ______.
Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination programme.
A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How does this affect the next step in the experiment i.e. bacterial transformation?
What would happen when one grows a recombinant bacterium in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing?
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Restriction enzymes were discovered by ______.
The given figure is the diagrammatic representation of the E. coli vector pBR322. Which one of the given options correctly indentites its certain component(s)?
Study the following lists and choose the correct match.
| List I | List II |
| A. Vector | (i) Resistant to cotton bollworms |
| B. Downstream processing | (ii) Mobile genetic elements |
| C. Cry II AB | (iii) Controls corn borers |
| D. Transposons | (iv) Ti plasmid |
| (v) Purifying protein in biopharmaceuticals |
Describe three steps involved in mechanism of PCR.
The polymerase chain reaction is a powerful technique to ______.
