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What is plasmid? - Biology

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प्रश्न

What is plasmid?

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तर
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उत्तर १

Plasmid is a circular, double stranded, self-replicating, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule.

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उत्तर २

Plasmids are small, circular and duplex DNA molecules and their natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell. They have several properties that make them extremely useful as cloning vectors.

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  या प्रश्नात किंवा उत्तरात काही त्रुटी आहे का?
पाठ 12: Biotechnology - Very Short Answer

APPEARS IN

नूतन Biology [English] Class 12 ISC
पाठ 13 Principles and Processes of Biotechnology
Test Your Progress | Q 13. | पृष्ठ ५३२

संबंधित प्रश्‍न

Retroviruses have no DNA. However, the DNA of the infected host cell does possess viral DNA. How is it possible?


One of the major contributions of biotechnology is to develop pest-resistant varieties of cotton plants. Explain how it has been made possible.

 

 

Give the steps in PCR or polymerase chain reaction with suitable diagrams.


What is PCR? Explain different steps involved in it.


For which of the following purpose restriction endonuclease enzyme is used in genetic engineering?


Match the Column I (Restriction enzyme) with Column II (Recognition sequence) and select the correct option.

  column I (Restriction Enzyme)   column II (Recognition sequence)
i. Alu P. 5'---G- ↓-G-A-T-C-C---3' 3'---C-C-T-A-G- -G---5
ii. BamHI Q. 5'--- A-G- ↓ -C-T---3' 3' ---T-C- G-A--- 5'
iii. Eco RI R. 5'--G-T-C- ↓ -G-A-C--3' I 3'--C-A-G-t-C-T-G--5'
iv. HindII S. 5'---G- ↓ -A-A-T-T-C---3' 3'---C-T-T-A-A- -G---5'

Which of the following DNA sequence is recognised and cut by EcoR I?


The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.

i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.

ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.

iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.

iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture. 


Consider there is only one double stranded DNA molecule initially along with all other requirements of PCR. If a PCR machines performs 10 cycles of reaction then bow many double stranded DNA molecules would be present at the end?


The vector Baculovirus is used for gene transfer in ____________.


The most important feature in a plasmid to serve as a vector in gene cloning experiment is ______.


A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How does this affect the next step in the experiment i.e. bacterial transformation?


Annealing step of PCR operates at ______ °C.


Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil.

(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?

(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.

(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.


Expand the following acronym:

BAC


Restriction enzymes were discovered by ______.


Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are used in the treatment of ______.


Which one of the following enzymes is used to join DNA fragments? 


State the steps involved in the process of gene therapy for the treatment of ADA-deficiency.


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