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प्रश्न
The character of King Richard I is presented in Ivanhoe not only with all his admirable qualities but also with his shortcomings. Elaborate with close reference to the text.
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उत्तर
King Richard I is a real, historical guy. He ruled England from 1189 to 1199 and led the Third Crusade of Christian knights to the Middle East to fight against the Muslims holding Palestine. He spent most of his life at war with various people – the French, the peoples of the Middle East, his own dad. With all this fighting, King Richard built up a reputation for chivalry – for living according to the honor codes of medieval knighthood – that has lasted for over eight centuries. (You can read more about the real Richard.) As a character in Ivanhoe, it's almost as if King Richard is two different people. There is that historical King Richard, the one we just described, who draws Ivanhoe out of England to fight by his side in the Crusades. That King Richard doesn't appear much in the book, because he's being held captive in Germany and then making his way back to England. (This really happened; he was held for ransom by Leopold V of Austria.) It's the absence of that King Richard that makes Ivanhoe possible, since it frees up his brother, Prince John, to bully the Saxons and generally make things more difficult for Ivanhoe and his family. King Richard's other face in the novel is that of the Black Knight. That guy loves jests and drinking songs and hanging around with jokers like Wamba and Friar Tuck. He doesn't always take a lot of initiative against the Normans, which is how he gets his other nickname, the Black Sluggard ("sluggard" means "lazy person"). For example, at the tournament at Ashby-de-la-Zouche, he doesn't really participate until he sees Ivanhoe about to get killed in a three-on-one fight with Athelstane, Reginald Front-de-Boeuf, and Brian de Bois-Guilbert.
Still, when the Black Knight does jump into a fight, his mighty arm seems invincible. Later, when he joins the outlaws of Sherwood to storm Torquilstone. As Rebecca comments, "it is fearful, yet magnificent, to behold how the arm and heart of one man can triumph over hundreds". This is a guy who knows how to kick back and have a good time, but he's also ready to battle evil one-on-one when he sees it. Scott points outright to this conflict between our ideal of the heroic King Richard and the reality of his poor performance on the home front. When Richard tells the outlaws of Sherwood his true identity, he settles in for a long party with the guys. He doesn't want to take back his throne and responsibilities as king. It takes the encouragement of Locksley (Robin Hood) and Ivanhoe for King Richard I to get a move on and put down his brother John's rebellion. King Richard I always comes off better in ballads and legends than he does in history books.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
In the following items, sentence A is complete, while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar as possible to sentence A. Write sentence B.
(A) He is forgetful as well as careless with his work.
(B) Besides .............................................................................
You are the captain of your college cricket team. You have your final match on Sunday. Your teammates are nervous. Prepare a speech motivating them to face the challenge courageously. (About 100 words)
Raina :
[timidly] Nine thousand hotels?
Bluntschli :
Hotels! Nonsense. If you only knew! Oh, it's too ridiculous. Excuse me: I must give my fellow orders about starting. [He leaves the room hastily, with the documents in his hand].
Louka :
[knowing instinctively that she can annoy Raina by disparaging Bluntschli] He has not much heart, that Swiss. He has not a word of grief for his poor father.
Raina :
[bitterly] Grief! A man who has been doing nothing but killing people for years! What does he care about? What does any soldier care about? [She goes to the door, restraining her tears with difficulty].
Louka :
Major Saranoff has been fighting too, and he has plenty of heart left. [Raina, at the door, draws herself up haughtily and goes out].
(i) What news has Bluntschli just received?
(ii) What makes Raina ask, `Nine thousand hotels'?
(iii) Why is Bluntschli in such a hurry to leave? What does Louka comment about him?
(iv) Why is Raina upset with Bluntschli?
(v) Why in your opinion, does Louka compare Bluntschli to Sergius? What does she comment when Raina leaves the room?
(vi) Who enters the room at this point? What news does he give Louka?
Referring closely to specific instances in the play 'Arms and the Man', discuss how Shaw presents class distinctions and social snobbery.
Inspite of having high fever the girl came to school...
(Begin: Despite ……………..)
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Lying in bed, Swami realized with a shudder that it was Monday morning. It looked as though only a moment ago, it had been the last period on Friday; already, Monday was here. He hoped that an earthquake would reduce the school building to dust but that my good building, Albert Mission School, had withstood similar prayers for over a hundred years now.
At nine o'clock, Swaminathan wailed, “I have a headache.”
His mother said, “Why don’t you go to school in a bullock cart?”
“So that I may be completely dead at the other end? Have you any idea what it means to be jolted in a cart?”
“Have you any important lessons today?”
“Important! Bah! That geography teacher has been teaching the same lesson for over a year now. And we have arithmetic, which means for a whole period we are going to be beaten by the teacher............ Important lessons!”
And Mother generously suggested that Swami might stay at home.
At 9:30, when he ought to have been lining up in the school prayer hall, Swami was lying on the bench in Mother’s room.
Father asked him, “Have you no school today?”
“Headache,” Swami replied,
“Nonsense! Dress up and go.”
“Headache.”
“Loaf about less on Sundays, and you will be without a headache on Monday.”
Swami knew how stubborn his father could be and changed his tactics.
“I can’t go so late to class.”
“I agree, but you’ll have to; it is your own fault. You should have asked me before deciding to stay away.”
“What will the teacher think if I go so late?”
“Tell him you had a headache, and so are late.”
“He will beat me if I say so.”
“Will he? Let us see. What is his name?”
“Mr. Samuel.”
“Does he beat the boys?”
“He is very violent, especially with boys who come late. Some days ago, a boy was made to stay on his knees for a whole period in a corner of the class because he came late, and after getting six cuts from the cane and having his ears twisted, I wouldn’t like to go late to Mr Samuel’s class.”
“If he is so violent, why not tell your headmaster about it?”
“They say that even the headmaster is afraid of him. He is such a violent man.”
And then Swami gave a lurid account of Samuel’s violence; how when he started caning, he would not stop till he saw blood on the boy’s hand, which he made the boy press to his forehead like a Vermillion marking. Swami hoped his father would be made to see that he couldn’t go to his class late. But his father’s behaviour took an unexpected turn. He became excited.
“What do these people mean by beating our children? They must be driven out of service. I will see…..”
The result was that he proposed to send Swami late to his class as a kind of challenge. He was also going to send a letter with Swami to the headmaster. No amount of protest from Swami was of any avail: Swami had to go to school.
By the time he was ready, his father had composed a long letter to the headmaster, put it in an envelope, and sealed it.
“What have you written, father?” Swaminathan asked apprehensively.
“Nothing for you. Give it to your headmaster and go to your class.”
Swami’s father did not know the truth—that, actually, Mr. Samuel was a very kind gentleman.
(a) Give the meaning of each of the following words as used in the passage. (3)
One-word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
- jolted
- stubborn
- avail
(b) Answer the following questions briefly in your own words:
- What did Swami wish for on a Monday morning? Why was his wish unlikely to be answered? (2)
- Which sentence tells us that Swami’s father was completely unsympathetic to his son’s headache? (2)
- In what way was Swami’s mother’s response different from his father’s? (2)
- Why did Swami give a colourful account of Mr. Samuel to his father? (2)
- In what way did Father’s behaviour take an unexpected turn? (2)
- What was Swami finally ordered to do by his father? (2)
(c)
(i) In not more than 60 words, describe how Swami tries to prove that Mr. Samuel is a violent man. (8)
(ii) Give a title to your summary in 3
(c). Give a reason to justify your choice. (2)
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Your teacher will speak the word given below. Write against two new words that rhyme with it.
fast ______ ______
State whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
Liberty cannot be divorced from equality.
The cherry tree is a narrative poem. Features that make it a narrative poem are given below. Justify them with proper examples.
It is a time-bound poem.
Write a summary of the poem with the help of the points given below:
- Title
- Introductory paragraph (about the poem/type/nature/tone)
- Main body (central idea/gist of the poem)
- Conclusion/opinions/views/appeal.
Write an appreciation of the sonnet. Refer to the points to be covered for appreciation.
- About the poem/poet/title
- Theme
- Poetic devices, language, style
- Special features/novelties/focusing elements
- Values, message
- Your opinion about the poem
Comment on the following characters depicted in the poem, in a sentence or a phrase.
| On the Nose | On the Eyes |
List all possible sources of light which enable you to see. Try to list at least 10 to 15. You may add the following to your list: Different kinds of lamps in your house, different sources you see in nature, different sources used by man in the past, etc.
Write about a day when you felt very happy. Use the following questions to help you. Think/Recollect a day ____________
Note down the points.
- Do you remember the exact day and date?
- Was it a special occasion or celebration?
- What happened on that day?
- How did you react to the things that happened on that day?
- How did other people react when they saw you were so happy?
- What did you do next ?
- What happened in the end?
- Describe any other emotions you felt that day
Now, with the help of the guidelines write a short paragraph of at least 100 words about that happy day. Give a suitable title for your narrative/write up.
Prepare a set of questions to interview-
a person who has recently scaled Mt. Everest.
Write a complaint to the officer of the PWD department to take immediate actions of maintaining cleanliness in the Children’s Park in your locality.
Write the dialogue and complete the story.
______ do you have for breakfast?
Now complete the following sentence, choosing the right word.
The sum was ______ difficult for the class to solve. Only ______ students could do it.
(two, too)
List as many summer activities as you can.
‘There was a tinge of coldness in his voice.’ Why?
Summarising is to briefly sum up the various points given in the notes made from the original passage. It is a retrieval of information from the notes made. Hence, while writing it, one need not go back to the original passage but refer only to the notes made. A first draft will help us to write a fair summary.
The photographer made the author wait for ______.
Parents can never be friends with their children. Express your views either for or against this statement.
Read the given sentence and underline the 'no' word.
Ram has no book.
Prepare a dialogue from the jumbled sentences:
- It will reach Nagpur at 7: 15 a.m.
- What is the departure time of the Vidarbha Express?
- When will it reach Nagpur?
- The departure time is 8:30 p.m.
In H.C. Anderson's story, what forces the Little Match Girl to go about selling matches on the street?
When Luz Long said, 'something must be eating you' he meant that Jesse Owens must be ______.
According to Lorenzo, a man who is unmoved by music is ______.
