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प्रश्न
Many sentences and paragraphs in the excerpt begin with the word ‘And’. To what extent does this contribute to the rhetorical style of the lecture?
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उत्तर
John Ruskin gave ‘What is a Good Book’ as a public lecture in the nineteenth century. His style of speaking is more fluid and conversational as compared to an essay. His repetitive use of ‘And’ or ‘but’ helps in explaining an idea even further. It is more spontaneous like an interaction rather than written and rewritten like an essay.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Anne's relationship with her mother was never simple. What created the tension and discord? Why
How did Griffin meet his end ?
Read the following passage and complete the activities given below :
A1 Find out :
Find from the passage the related words to the sea and write them.
ON FIERCE monsoon nights, about one and a quarter-mile off the Mumbai harbor, there have been occasions when 52-year-old Bikaji Ramchandra Dhuri is the only man on the sea. From the watchtower of the Prongs Reef Lighthouse, which is surrounded on all sides by the Arabian Sea, he has heard the sea rage like a possessed spirit – the darkness dispelled only by the beam of light flung across the waters from the tower he mans.
Dhuri is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast, as a majority of the 182 lighthouses in the country are now unmanned. Built-in 1871, the Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on Scotland’s Skerryvore Rocks Lighthouse and is located at a strategic spot on the western coast, marking the entrance to the busy Mumbai Harbour. It was meant to stem the number of shipwrecks off the harbor, which the lone Colaba lighthouse could not illumine on its own. “Even now, during nights, for fishing vessels without any gadgets, it’s the soft light from this tower which directs us to Mumbai,” says Vinayak Koli, a boatsman who helps ferry people and also goes on fishing expeditions.
Throughout the year, Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for 15 days at a stretch, when he is relieved by another keeper. In the monsoon, it becomes his home for three months. “We call it the Kalapana as we are alone in the middle of the sea for days, with basic supplies – and the revolving light that keeps the sea awake,” he says.
A2 Fill in the following information using words from the passage :
(i) The Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on _______.
(ii) Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for _______ at a stretch.
(iii) _______ is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast.
(iv) The majority of the _______ lighthouses in the country are now unmanned.
| Violent | Scattered | Place of shelter for ships | Shine light |
A4
A5 Personal Response
Imagine you have to spend a night in a lighthouse. Narrate your experience.
Read the following passage carefully and do the given activities:
A.1) True or False:
Write the statements and state whether they are true or false:
(i) Those who choose to live well must help others.
(ii) If neighbors grow inferior corn, cross-pollination will steadily improve the quality.
(iii) The farmer grew award-winning corn.
(iv) The reporter discovered that the farmer didn’t share his seed corn with his neighbors.
There once was a farmer who grew award-winning corn. Each year he entered his corn in the state fair where it won a blue ribbon. One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something interesting about how he grew it. The reporter discovered that the farmer shared his sweet corn with his neighbors. “How can you afford to share your best seed corn with your neighbors when they are entering corn in competition with yours each year?” the reporter asked.
“Why sir”, said the farmer, “didn’t you know? The wind picks up pollen from the ripening corn and swirls it from field to field. If my neighbors grow inferior corn, cross-pollination will steadily degrade the quality of my corn. If I am to grow good corn, I must help my neighbors grow good corn.” He is very much aware of the connectedness of life. His corn cannot improve unless his neighbor's corn also improves. So it is with our lives. Those who choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace. Those who choose to live well must help others to live well, for the value of a life is measured by the lives it touches.
The lesson for each of us is this: if we are to grow good corn, we must help our neighbors grow good corn.
A.2) Consequences:
Write the consequences:
(i) The farmer shares the corn.
(ii) The farmer doesn’t share the corn.
A.3) Antonyms:
Find out the words opposite in meaning from the passage:
(i) superior x _______
(ii) lost x _______
(iii) improve x _______
(iv) inconstantly x _______
A.4) Language study:
(i) We must help our neighbors. (Replace the modal auxiliary showing advice).
(ii) The wind picks up pollen from ripening corn and swirls it field to field. (Use “not only…….. but also” and rewrite)
A.5) Personal Response:
What do you learn from the story? Suggest a suitable title.
Would you agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character? If yes, give instances that show this.
Notice these expression in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
salt flats
Give reasons for the following statement.
The author thought that his positive thinking strategy worked well after all.
What do the following utterance indicate?
(i)“I told her, through Daniel ...”
(ii)“It’s a cold,” he said finally through Tsetan.
Briefly comment on:
Tsetan’s support to the author during the journey.
Make a list of the expressions that imbue the watch with human attributes.
'It is not an accident that the most discrimination literary criticism of Shelley's thought and work is by a distinguished scientist, Desmond King-Hele.' How does this statement bring out the meeting point of poetry and science?
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
Because India's tribal communities are basically bilingual there is a danger of dismissing their languages as dialects of India's major tongues.
Discuss in pairs
Ruskin's insistence on looking intensely at words, and assuring oneself of meaning, syllable by syllable – nay, letter by letter.
Discuss in pairs
Choice of diction is very crucial to the communication of meaning.
How did the author feel about her mother's passion to make her a dancer?
Discuss the following in pairs or in small groups.
Kumudini Lakhia's life is an inspiring illustration of the emancipation of women.
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I have cordial relationships with all but I cannot connect with anyone.
Who said to whom and when / why?
| Who said | To whom? | When / why? | |
| ......the world is full of inequalities. | |||
| I want to do something interesting. | |||
| It is against the will of God. | |||
| Our home is full of love....... | |||
| ...... we can affirm along with United Nations that men and women are equal. |
Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:
The life of the cherry tree was threatened.
Fibreglass kites led to creating power - driven aeroplanes.
‘Never mind faded forests, Austin’. The word ‘faded’ means to become dim or faint. The word describes the forests that have become faint or dim in appearance. Now go through the poem again and complete the table.
| Describing word | Object | Explanation |
| 1. faded | forests | The forests have become faint or dim in appearance. |
| 2. silent | ||
| 3. unfading | ||
| 4. bright |
Say the following word aloud and put the stress mark on the stressed syllable.
crea-tures
Form groups and discuss the following statements, in the context of the extract.
‘If he is indeed wise, he does not bid you to enter the house of his wisdom, but rather leads you to the threshold of your own mind’ Kahlil Gibran.
Find more information about the Indian Armed Forces - the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force with the help of your teacher.
List the four elements of drama.
The characters are a part of the stage setting. How does this reflect when the characters of the play range from the Duke and the Indian boy to the faeries?
Have you seen a newborn young one of an animal?
Guess the meaning of the following from the context.
Dawn wakes the starling.
Read the passage and answer the following:
When was the book written?
Discuss:
Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.
Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.
Read the following and observe the use of tenses.
‘Last week I witnessed a strange accident. Let me tell you about it. The signal flashes green. Vehicles start in the opposite direction. They move fast. Suddenly a speeding motorcyclist tries to cut across, from the wrong side. He is about to collide with a loaded truck. He applies the brakes. He falls and slides out with his bike from under the truck. He comes out unscathed on the other side.’
- When an event, which has occurred in the past, is narrated in the Present Tense to create a dramatic effect its Tense is called the ‘Dramatic Present Tense’.
- Now try to relate Jayant’s sci-fi story, in brief, in the dramatic past tense.
Describe the following with the help of the (The Twelve Months) story.
Summer
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with gentle-hearted.
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question that follow.
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; Not mourning for the things that disappear
- Why do you think the poet is not in a hurry?
- What should one not mourn for?
Look at the following situations the writer was in. He could have avoided the situation and saved himself. Glance through the write up again and comment on what the writer should have done in the following situations.
- Gilson asked the writer to bring a tie.
- On the day of arrival, the writer had no time to think about the tie.
- The writer remembered about the tie when the bus was leaving for the airport.
- The writer walked down in search of the shop.
- The writer rushed out with the tie in a paper bag.
Read the following lines from the poem and answer the question given below.
There's a family nobody likes to meet;
They live, it is said, on Complaining Street
- Where does the family live?
- Why do you think the street is named as ‘Complaining Street’?
Identify the speaker/character.
‘ It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears’
Write the name of the toys against each picture.
‘My tongs are like a tiger among toys.’ It means ______
| soft | vain | fear | joy | love | heard | toiled | mild | good | sand | life | harsh |
The ______, the______, which it may bring.
The terrorists asked Neerja to collect the passports of the passengers because ______.
Ridleys come to lay their eggs in the month of January.
What is the poem about?
Describe what the author saw when he went back to the island.
Identify the speaker/character.
They somehow managed to put him on the platform.
Work in groups. Discuss and have a debate on life in bustling cities and life in calm towns.
What is our core?
Vicky pleaded his father to buy a robot.
Name the character or speaker.
"The robot will do all your work."
Kaliyan worked in a ______.
What did the hen-pigeon whisper?
Recite the poem 'Treasure Trove' with the correct intonation.
Choose and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
She won the game _____
Meena studied in ______ standard.
People ran off when the seawater receded.
Where do the moles save their food?
What did Bala teach Nithin?
Choose the right word.
The tamarind tree grows over Tansen’s ______.
