Question

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.

Answer 1

Sr. No.	Advantages	Disadvantages
1.	Genetically modified (GM) crops have shown a significant increase in crop yield and productivity.	There could potentially be a reduction in the genetic diversity of crops.
2.	GM crops show resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.	They could potentially harm non-target organisms such as beneficial insects.
3.	GM crops can tolerate abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity.	Altered gene expression in GM crops may lead to unforeseen negative effects.
4.	GM crops like Golden Rice, enriched with Vitamin A, offer enhanced nutritional value.	There are potential health risks such as allergenicity or toxicity in genetically modified food.
5.	The use of GM crops reduces agrochemical usage, thus lowering environmental pollution.	Farmers’ dependence on biotech companies for GM seeds raises socio-economic and ethical concerns.

Answer 2

Sr. No.	Feature	Advantages	Disadvantages
1.	Agricultural productivity	Enhances crop yields, helping address food shortages and increase farmers' incomes.	It can create a cycle of dependency for farmers, who must purchase patented seeds annually at high costs.
2.	Environmental impact	Reduces the use of chemical pesticides on insect-resistant crops. Can promote more sustainable farming practices like no-till agriculture.	Increases the risk of creating herbicide-resistant “superweeds” and negatively impacts biodiversity.
3.	Human health	Improves nutritional content through biofortification (e.g., Golden Rice). Reduces human exposure to pesticides.	Raises concerns about potential allergens, the creation of new toxins, and antibiotic resistance.
4.	Economic and social factors	Can lower food prices and provide economic benefits to farmers.	Concentrates power within a few multinational corporations, which can threaten local agricultural diversity.