Topics
The Language of Chemistry
- Matter (Substance)
- Molecules
- Pure Substances
- Elements
- Classification of Molecules
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Variable Valency
- Chemical Formula or Molecular Formula
- Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
- Chemical Formula or Molecular Formula
- Naming Chemical Compounds
- Shells and Valency
- Chemical Equations
- Balancing Chemical Equation
- Atomic Mass
- Molecular Mass
- Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formula
- Empirical Formula of a Compound
- Hydrogen
Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chemical Reaction
- Conditions Necessary for Chemical Reactions
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Combination Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Decomposition Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Single Displacement Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction
- Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
Water
- Water: Our Lifeline
- Physical Properties of Water
- Chemical Properties of Water
- Water - a Universal Solvent
- Solutions as 'Mixtures' of Solids in Water
- Composition of a Solution
- Types of Solutions
- Saturated Solutions
- Concentration of a Solution
- Solubility
- Crystals and Crystallisation
- Hydrated and Anhydrous Substances
- Efflorescence, Hygroscopic, and Deliquescence Substances
- Drying and Dehydrous Substances
- Classification of water: Soft and Hard Water
- Causes of Hardness
- Advantage and Disadvantage of Hard Water
- Removal of Hardness of Water
- Salts
Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Concept of Chemical Bonding
- History of Atom
- Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Elements
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Discovery of Charged Particles in Matter
- Electrons
- Protons
- Nucleus
- Neutrons
- J. J. Thomson’s Atomic Model
- Lord Rutherford’s Atomic model
- Neils Bohr’s Model of an Atom
- Structure of the Atom and Nucleus
- Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A)
- Atomic Mass
- Electronic Configuration of Atom
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Reason for Chemical Activity of an Atom
- Isotopes
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- The Covalent Bond
- Types of Covalent Bonds
- Formation of Covalent Bond
The Periodic Table
- Classification of Elements
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Insights into Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Modern Periodic Law
- Structure of the Modern Periodic Table
- Advantage and Disadvantage of Modern Periodic Table
- Periods and Electronic Configuration
- Shells (Orbits)
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Properties of Elements
- Atomic Size
- Metallic and Non-metallic Characters
- Study of Specific Groups in Periodic Table
- Group 1 Elements - Alkali Metals
- Group 2 Elements - Alkaline Earth Metals
- Gradation in Halogen Family
- Group Zero or 18 Group (Noble Gases)
- Uses of Periodic Table
- Earth and Elements
Study of the First Element - Hydrogen
- Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
- Similarities Between Hydrogen and Alkali Metals
- Similarities Between Hydrogen and Halogens
- Hydrogen
- Preparation of Hydrogen
- Application of Activity Series in the Preparation of Hydrogen
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Manufacture of Hydrogen
- Physical Properties of Hydrogen
- Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
- Uses of Hydrogen
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
Study of Gas Laws
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Molecular Motion : Relationship of Temperature, Pressure and Volume
- Gas Laws
- Pressure and Volume Relationship or Bolye's Law
- Temperature - Volume Relationship or Charles's Law
- Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- The Temperature and a Thermometer
- Scales of Thermometers
- Gas Equation
- Standard Temperature Pressure (S.T.P.)
- The Effect of Moisture and Pressure
Atmospheric Pollution
- Atmospheric Pollution
- Gaseous Pollutants and Their Effects
- Acid Rain
- Green House Effect
- Advantage of Green House Effect
- Global Warming
- Preventive Measures of Global Warming
- Ozone
- Ozone Layer Depletion
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Differences Between Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- Types of Mixtures
- Mixture
- Separation of Mixtures
- Use of Solvent and Filtration
- Concept of Evaporation
- Simple Distillation Method
- Simple Distillation Method
- Chromatography Method
- Centrifugation Method
- Solvent Extraction (Using a Separating Funnel Method)
Matter and Its Composition: Law of Conservation of Mass
- Change of State
- Inter-particle Space and Interparticle Attraction and Collision
- Law of Conservation of Mass
Practical Work
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Action of Heat
- Identifying Substances by Colour, Smell, State & Heat Effect
- Distinction between Colourless Solutions of Dilute Acids and Alkalis
- Distinguish between Black Copper Oxide and Black Manganese Dioxide
- Flame Test
- Classification of water: Soft and Hard Water
- Simple Experiments Based on Hard Water and Soft Water
- Water Pollution
- Water Quality
- The pH Scale
- Prevention and Control of Water Pollution
Estimated time: 4 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Formula: Mass % of an Element in a Compound
Mass % of element\[=\frac{\text{Mass of element in compound}}{\text{Molar mass of compound}}\times100\]
CBSE: Class 12
Definition: Empirical Formula
A formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
CBSE: Class 12
Formula: Molecular Formula
Shows the exact number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound.
Molecular formula = (Empirical formula)n
\[n=\frac{\text{Molecular mass}}{\text{Empirical formula mass}}\]
CBSE: Class 12
Formula: Mole fraction
\[x_A=\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}\quad x_B=\frac{n_B}{n_A+n_B}\]
xA + xB = 1
