Topics
Reproduction
Reproduction in Organisms
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Flower - a Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms
- Accessory Organs
- Essential Parts of Flower: Androecium
- Essential Parts of Flower: Gynoecium
- Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Structure and Events
- Structure and Development of Anther
- Transverse Section of Mature Anther (Microsporangium)
- Microspores and Pollen Grains
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Pollen Grains
- Structure and Development of Ovule
- Artificial Hybridization or Artificial Fertilization
- Self-pollination
- Cross-pollination
- Abiotic Agents
- Biotic Agents
- Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion
- Post Fertilisation in Plant: Structures and Events
- Development of Seed
- Development of Fruit
Genetics and Evolution
Human Reproduction
- Microscopic Anatomy of Ovary
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation
- Gametogenesis
- Fertilization in Human
- Implantation in Human
Biology and Human Welfare
Reproductive Health
Biotechnology and Its Applications
Ecology and Environment
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Introduction of Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Terminology Related to Mendelism
- Mendel's Experiments on Inheritance
- Extensions of Mendelian Genetics (Deviation from Mendelism)
- Intragenic Interactions - Dominance
- Multiple Alleles
- Historical Development of Chromosome Theory
- Comparison Between Gene and Chromosome Behaviour
- Mendel's Laws > The Law of Segregation (Law of Purity of Gametes)
- Sex Determination in Some Insects
- Sex Determination in Birds
- Mendelian Genetics
- Chromosomal Disorders or Abnormalities
- Linkage and Crossing Over
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evolution
Human Health and Diseases
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Introduction of Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Animal Breeding
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Pisciculture (Fish Farming)
- Plant Breeding
Microbes in Human Welfare
Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology
- Principles of Biotechnology
- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
- Cloning Vectors
- Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)
- Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
Biotechnology and Its Application
- Biotechnology
- Transgenic Animals
- Biosafety Issues
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystem
Biodiversity and Its Conservation
- Biodiversity
- Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Endangered Organisms
- Extinction
Environmental Issues
- Environmental Issues
- Air Pollution
- Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution: a Case Study of Delhi
- Effects of Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents on Water
- Solid Wastes
- Radioactive Wastes
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
- Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance
- Radioactive Waste Management and E-waste
Notes
Comparison between gene and chromosome behaviour:
Around twentieth-century cytologists established that generally, the total number of chromosomes is constant in all cells of a species. A diploid eukaryotic cell has two haploid sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent. All somatic cells of an organism carry the same genetic complement. The behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis not only explains Mendel’s principles but leads to new and different approaches to study about heredity.
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Comparison of chromosome and gene behaviour |
Notes
Parallelism between Mendelian factors and chromosomal behaviour:
| Mendelian factors | Chromosomes behaviour |
| Alleles of a factor occur in pair | Chromosomes occur in pairs |
| Similar or dissimilar alleles of a factor separate during the gamete formation | The homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis |
| Mendelian factors can assort independently | The paired chromosomes can separate independently during meiosis but the linked genes in the same chromosome normally do not assort independently. |
