Topics
Reproduction
Reproduction in Organisms
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Flower - a Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms
- Accessory Organs
- Essential Parts of Flower: Androecium
- Essential Parts of Flower: Gynoecium
- Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Pre-fertilization in Plant: Structure and Events
- Structure and Development of Anther
- Transverse Section of Mature Anther (Microsporangium)
- Microspores and Pollen Grains
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Pollen Grains
- Structure and Development of Ovule
- Artificial Hybridization or Artificial Fertilization
- Self-pollination
- Cross-pollination
- Abiotic Agents
- Biotic Agents
- Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion
- Post Fertilisation in Plant: Structures and Events
- Development of Seed
- Development of Fruit
Genetics and Evolution
Human Reproduction
- Microscopic Anatomy of Ovary
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation
- Gametogenesis
- Fertilization in Human
- Implantation in Human
Biology and Human Welfare
Reproductive Health
Biotechnology and Its Applications
Ecology and Environment
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Introduction of Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Terminology Related to Mendelism
- Mendel's Experiments on Inheritance
- Extensions of Mendelian Genetics (Deviation from Mendelism)
- Intragenic Interactions - Dominance
- Multiple Alleles
- Historical Development of Chromosome Theory
- Comparison Between Gene and Chromosome Behaviour
- Mendel's Laws > The Law of Segregation (Law of Purity of Gametes)
- Sex Determination in Some Insects
- Sex Determination in Birds
- Mendelian Genetics
- Chromosomal Disorders or Abnormalities
- Linkage and Crossing Over
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evolution
Human Health and Diseases
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Introduction of Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Animal Breeding
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Pisciculture (Fish Farming)
- Plant Breeding
Microbes in Human Welfare
Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology
- Principles of Biotechnology
- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
- Cloning Vectors
- Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)
- Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
Biotechnology and Its Application
- Biotechnology
- Transgenic Animals
- Biosafety Issues
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystem
Biodiversity and Its Conservation
- Biodiversity
- Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Endangered Organisms
- Extinction
Environmental Issues
- Environmental Issues
- Air Pollution
- Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution: a Case Study of Delhi
- Effects of Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents on Water
- Solid Wastes
- Radioactive Wastes
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
- Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance
- Radioactive Waste Management and E-waste
Notes
Spore Formation (Sporogenesis):
Spores are propagules which germinate to produce new individuals. During unfavourable conditions, the organism develops sac-like structures called sporangium that contain spores. When the conditions are favourable, the sporangium burst opens and spores are released that germinate to give rise to new organisms. Members of the Kingdom Fungi and simple plants such as algae reproduce through sporogenesis asexual reproductive structures. The most common examples of spore formation are Zoospores which usually are microscopic motile structures, Conidia (Penicillium), Sporangiospores, and Chlamydospores.
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Zoospores of Chlamydomonas |
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Conidia of Penicillium |
