Economics Commerce (English Medium) Class 11 CBSE Syllabus 2026-27

• Statistics and Economics
• Statistics and Firms
• Statistics and Commerce
• Statistics and Education
• Statistics and Planning
• Statistics and Medicine
• Statistics and Modern applications

• Statistics is not suitable to the study of qualitative phenomenon
• Statistical laws are not exact
• Statistics table may be misused:
• Statistics is only one of the methods of studying a problem

• Personal Observations
• Interview
• Questionnaire/Schedule
• Other Methods

• Published Sources
• Unpublished Sources

• Basic concepts of sampling 

1. Lottery method
2. Table of Random number

• Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors
• Sampling distribution 
• Computing standard error in simple cases

• Census of India
• National Sample Survey Organisation

• bar diagrams and
• pie diagrams

• histogram
• polygon
• ogive

• time series graph

• Introduction
• Measures

• Individual Series
• Discrete Series
• Continuous Series

• Range
• Quartile deviation
• Mean or average deviation
• Standard deviation

• co-efficient of range
• co-efficient of quartile-deviation
• co-efficient of mean deviation
• co-efficient of variation

• Construction of the Lorenz curve
• Studying the Lorenz Curve

• Positive Correlation
• Negative Correlation
• Simple Correlation
• Partial Correlation
• Multiple Correlation
• Linear Correlation
• Non Linear Correlation

• Preparation of Instrument
• Mode of Data Collection

1. Personal Interviews
2. Mailing Questionnaire
3. Telephone Interviews

• Pilot Survey

• Census or Complete Enumeration
• Population and Sample
• Random Sampling
• Non-Random Sampling

• Sampling Errors
• Non-Sampling Errors

1. Sampling Bias
2. Non-Response Errors
3. Errors in Data Acquisition

• Chronological Classification
• Spatial Classification
• Qualitative Classification

• How to prepare a Frequency Distribution?
• Should we have equal or unequal-sized class intervals?
• How many classes should we have?
• What should be the size of each class?
• How should we determine the class limits?
• Types of Class Intervals

1. Inclusive class intervals
2. Exclusive class intervals

• Adjustment in Class Interval
• How should we get the frequency for each class?
• Finding class frequency by tally marking
• Loss of Information
• Frequency distribution with unequal classes
• Frequency array

• Classification used in tabulation

1. Qualitative classification
2. Quantitative classification
3. Temporal classification
4. Spatial classification

• Table Number
• Title
• Captions or Column Headings
• Stubs or Row Headings
• Body of the Table
• Unit of Measurement
• Source
• Note

• Geometric Diagram

1. Bar Diagram - Simple Bar Diagram, Multiple Bar Diagram, and Component Bar Diagram.
2. Pie Diagram

• Frequency Diagram

1. Histogram
2. Frequency Polygon
3. Frequency Curve
4. Ogive

• Arithmetic line graph

• Introduction
• Measures

• What Does Correlation Measure?
• Types of Correlation

1. Negative
2. Positive

• Scatter Diagram
• Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation
• Properties of Correlation Coefficient
• Spearman’s rank correlation
• Calculation of Rank Correlation Coefficient

• Range
• Quartile Deviation

• Mean Deviation
• Calculation of Mean Deviation from Arithmetic Mean for ungrouped data
• Mean Deviation from median for ungrouped data
• Mean Deviation from Mean for Continuous Distribution
• Mean Deviation from Median
• Standard Deviation
• Calculation of Standard Deviation for ungrouped data

1. Actual Mean Method
2. Assumed Mean Method
3. Direct Method
4. Step-Deviation Method

• Standard Deviation in Continuous frequency distribution

1. Actual Mean Method
2. Assumed Mean Method
3. Step-Deviation Method

• Construction of the Lorenz curve
• Studying the Lorenz Curve

• Steps Involved  

• Consumer price index
• Consumer Price Index Number
• Wholesale Price Index
• Index of Industrial production
• Human Development Index
• Sensex

• Steps Towards Making a Project

1. Identifying a problem or an area of study
2. Choice of Target Group
3. Collection of Data
4. Organisation and Presentation of Data
5. Analysis and Interpretation
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography

• Introduction
• Evaluation of Trade System
• Features
• Types of Trade
• Key Point Summary

• Introduction
• Evaluation of Trade System
• Features
• Types of Trade
• Key Point Summary

• liberalisation
• globalisation
• privatisation

• Introduction
• Absolute Poverty
• Relative Poverty
• Real-Life Application
• Key Point Summary

• Poverty Alleviation Programs
• Real-Life Application
• Key Point Summary

• Formal and informal Sector

• Growth
• population
• sectoral development 
• other developmental indicators

• Introduction
• Cycle of Poverty
• Historical Background
• Meaning of Poverty
• Key Point Summary

• Absolute and Relative Poverty

• Categorising Poverty

• always poor
• usually poor
• chronic poor
• churning poor
• occasionally poor
• transient poor
• non-poor

• The Poverty Line

• Flowchart
• Real-Life Application
• Key Point Summary

• Introduction
• Features
• NABARD's Funding Process
• Real-Life Application
• Key Point Summary

• Sources of Energy
• Non-conventional Sources of Energy
• Consumption Pattern of Commercial Energy
• Power/Electricity
• Some Challenges in the Power Sector
• Kinetic energy
• Work–Kinetic Energy Theorem
• Relation between Momentum and Kinetic Energy
• Potential Energy
• Potential energy near the surface of the Earth
• Elastic Potential Energy
• Conservative and non-conservative forces
• Law of conservation of energy
• Motion in a vertical circle

• State of Health Infrastructure
• Private Sector Health Infrastructure
• Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM)
• Indicators of Health and Health Infrastructure - A Critical Appraisal
• Urban-Rural and Poor-Rich Divide
• Women’s Health
• Health: Problems and Policies - A critical assessment

• Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

• What is produced and in what quantities?
• How are these goods produced?
• For whom are these goods produced?

• Introduction
• Example

• Meaning of Consumer's Equilibrium

• budget set
• budget line
• Changes in the Budget Set

• indifference curve
• indifference curve

• Concept and Importance
• Types of Cost Functions
• Fixed vs. Variable Costs
• Real-Life Application
• Key Points: Behaviour of Cost in the Short - Run

• Meaning of a producer
• Meaning of producer's equilibrium
• Conditions of producer's equilibrium
• Producer's equilibrium
• Key Points: Producer's Equilibrium

Shapes of Total Product, Marginal Product and Average Product Curves

• Introduction
• Definition: Long Run
• Definition: Long Run Total Cost
• Long Run Total Cost
• Definition: Long Run Average Cost
• Long Run Average Cost
• Names for LAC
• Relationship: LAC and SAC
• Definition: Long Run Marginal Cost
• Long Run Marginal Cost
• Relation Between LMC and LAC
• Key Points: Costs in Long Run Period

• Introduction
• Definition: Imperfect Competition
• Economist's contribution
• Conditions leading to imperfect competition
• Real-Life Application
• Key Points: Imperfect Competition

• Broad classification of market structure
• Main market forms
• Key Points: Classification of Market Structure

• Maximum and Minimum

• Meaning of Revenue
• Total Revenue (TR) 
• Average Revenue (AR) 
• Marginal Revenue (MR)
• Behaviour under different market structures

• Introduction: Profit-maximisation objective
• Definition of Profit
• Normal profit and pure (economic) profit
• Role of profit in resource allocation
• Equilibrium of the firm and profit maximisation rules
• Economist note: Maurice Allais
• Real-Life Application
• Key Points: Profit Maximisation Objective

Determinants of a Firm’s Supply Curve

• Technological Progress
• Input Prices

Simple Monopoly in the Commodity Market

• Market Demand Curve is the Average Revenue Curve
• Total, Average and Marginal Revenues
• Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand
• Short Run Equilibrium of the Monopoly Firm

Other Non-perfectly Competitive Markets

• Monopolistic Competition
• How do Firms behave in Oligopoly?